Kinetic studies on hydrolysis of urea in a semi-batch reactor at atmospheric pressure for safe use of ammonia in a power plant for flue gas conditioning

Mahalik, K.; Sahu, J.N.; Patwardhan, Anand; Meikap, B.C.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.053

Cited by 51 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Experimental arrangement used for optimization of production of ammonia from urea in semi-batch reactor is same as that has been used in our earlier experimental study on reaction kinetic [37]. First urea solution of different concentration (1.6, 2.67, 2.64, 3.33, 4.16, 5.64 and 6.66 mol/l) was prepared.…”

Section: Experimental Set-up and Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been determined that urea thermal hydrolysis is the preferred process for converting urea/water solution into a gaseous mixture containing ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Therefore, in situ, generation of ammonia is essential for flue gas conditioning, especially in coal-fired thermal power plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical modelling and optimization of hydrolysis of urea to generate ammonia for flue gas conditioning

Mahalik

Sahu

Patwardhan

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Experimental Set-up and Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical modelling and optimization of hydrolysis of urea to generate ammonia for flue gas conditioning

Mahalik

Sahu

Patwardhan

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Mahalik et al investigated the kinetics of urea removal by hydrolysis and how it was affected by the urea concentration (20-40 wt%), stirring rate (100-700 rpm), and temperature (120-160°C). It was found that the urea conversion and the reaction rate increased as the temperature and concentration of urea increased; meanwhile, the stirring speed had only a minimal influence [11].…”

Section: Methods Of Urea Removal 21 Hydrolysis Of Ureamentioning

confidence: 98%

Urea removal from aqueous solutions—a review

2016

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The abundance of urea in the natural environment is dictated by the fact that it is one of the major products of mammalian protein metabolism. Due to the extensive use of urea in many branches of industry, it is produced in large quantities. Urea enters into the environment not only with wastewater from the production plants but also by leaching from the fields, agro-breeding farms, and the effluents from the plants using it as a raw material. There are many methods of urea removal, but most of them are still being developed or are very new. The methods themselves differ in terms of physicochemical nature and technological ingenuity. Many wastewater treatment methods include processes such as hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, decomposition in the biological bed, decomposition by strong oxidants, adsorption, catalytic decomposition, and electrochemical oxidation. In this work, methods of urea removal from aqueous solutions have been reviewed. Particular attention was paid to electrochemical methods.

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“…The overall reaction is endothermic and the first reaction, i.e., urea to ammonium carbamate reaction, is a slow reaction and the second reaction is very fast and goes towards completion [29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The published information about hydrolysis of urea for production of ammonia for feedstock in different application areas flue gas conditioning and NO x reduction, etc., is very little detailed and patented [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Therefore, we decided to study more thoroughly the phenomenon of urea hydrolysis for production of ammonia in different application areas that require safe use of relatively small quantities of ammonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the hydrolysis of urea for production of ammonia and modeling for flow characterization in presence of stirring in a batch reactor using computational fluid dynamics

Sahu

Hussain

Meikap

2011

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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Ammonia is a highly volatile noxious material with adverse physiological effects, which becomes intolerable even at very low concentrations and presents substantial environmental and operating hazards and risk. But ammonia has long been known to be useful in the treatment of flue gases from the fossil fuel combustion process, such as in industrial furnaces, incinerators and coal-fired electric power generating plants. The present study is concerned with the methods and means to safely produce relatively small amount (i.e., up to 50 kg/hour) of ammonia. Current study involves experimental investigation for hydrolysis of urea for production of ammonia in a batch reactor at different temperature ranging from 110 o C to 180 o C against different initial feed concentration (10, 20, and 30 wt%) with different stirring speed ranging from 400 rpm to 1,400 rpm. Three-dimensional geometry and meshing of reactor is created in Gambit, a preprocessor of the commercial software, Fluent, for hydrodynamic study.

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Kinetic studies on hydrolysis of urea in a semi-batch reactor at atmospheric pressure for safe use of ammonia in a power plant for flue gas conditioning

Cited by 51 publications

References 5 publications

Statistical modelling and optimization of hydrolysis of urea to generate ammonia for flue gas conditioning

Statistical modelling and optimization of hydrolysis of urea to generate ammonia for flue gas conditioning

Urea removal from aqueous solutions—a review

Studies on the hydrolysis of urea for production of ammonia and modeling for flow characterization in presence of stirring in a batch reactor using computational fluid dynamics

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