Kinetic Spectrophotometry Method for the Determination of Morphine, Nalbuphine and Naltrexone Drugs in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations

Abstract

A novel study describes the development and validation of a selective and simple kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of some analgesic drugs namely, morphine (MOF), nalbuphine (NAB) and naltrexone (NAT) in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations. This method was based on the reaction of the drugs under studying with alkaline KMnO 4 to form a water-soluble bluish green colored product with a maximum absorbance at 605 nm. Although, the determination of MOF, NAB and NAT drugs by rate constant, fixed-concentration and fixed time methods were feasible with the calibration equations obtained, the fixed time method has been found to be more applicable. The fixed-time method is adopted for constructing the calibration curves, which were found to be linear over the concentration ranges of 4 -18 mg mL -1 MOF, 2 -20 mg mL -1 NAB and 2 -16 mg mL -1 NAT. Different experimental parameters which can affect the development and stability of the color were carefully studied and optimized. The fixed time method of 20 min was further applied to pharmaceutical formulations of each drug and the percentage recoveries were 99.85±0.049 to 102.27±0.024. Statistical comparisons of the results with the reference methods show the excellent agreement and indicate no significant difference in accuracy and precision.

Determination of Nalbuphine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Diperiodatoargentate(III)-Rhodamine-B Chemiluminescence System by Flow Injection Analysis

“…A spectrophotometric method 7 was used in order to compare it with the proposed CL method for NAL. NAL working standard solutions in the range of 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20 mg/L (portions taken 20, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μL) were prepared from the NAL stock solution (10 mg in 10 mL deionized water) and were transferred to 10 mL volumetric flasks.…”

“…In addition, the proposed FI-CL technique for the analyses of NAL in the pharmaceutical injections was validated and the results were compared with a reported spectrophotometric method. 7 For validation, an F-test and a t-test were applied on the results of the two methods, given in Table 3. Variations in the results of the two methods were not due to any determinate error but were by chance as F-calculated value (F-test calculated value: 1.69) was lower than F-tabulated value (F-distributed (p = 0.05, v1 and v2 = 2) : 19).…”

“…Hence, its bioavailability of oral administered is lower compared with intravascular and intravenous. 2,3 A number of instrumental and analytical techniques are available for measuring NAL concentration in biological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations including spectrophotometry, [4][5][6][7][8] spectrofluorimetry, [8][9][10][11] potentiometry, 12 voltammetry, [13][14][15][16] capillary zone electrophoresis, 17 gas chromatography (GC) 1,18 and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). [19][20][21][22][23] The HPLC and GC techniques possess high selectivity and sensitivity, but are usually time-consuming, require pure and sometimes toxic solvents, expensive instrumentation and are not commonly used and found in laboratories.…”