Kinetic Reactions of Alpha and Beta Lactose. I. Mutarotation

Lactose: Crystallization, hydrolysis and value-added derivatives

“…The rate of mutarotation is greatly influenced by both temperature and pH as well as by other sugars and salts (Haase & Nickerson, 1966;Patel & Nickerson, 1970). The rate is slow at low temperatures but increases 2.8 times with every 10 1C rise in temperature, becoming almost instantaneous at about 75 1C.…”

Kinetics of the catalytic hydrogenation of d-fructose over a CuO-ZnO catalyst

“…However, the interconversion between different d-fructose species is not rate limiting, because the mutarotation rate is much faster compared to the hydrogenation rate [6]. The sugar concentration has been shown to have only a minor impact on the mutarotation equilibrium [21] and interconversion rates [22]. These different tautomeric forms of fructose have different adsorption strengths on the surfaces of hydrogenation catalysts and also individual hydrogenation rates.…”

Isothermal batch crystallization of alpha-lactose: A kinetic model combining mutarotation, nucleation and growth steps

“…A slight temperature dependence of the b:a ratio at equilibrium (K m ) exists as calculated by Roetman and Buma (1974). Mutarotation does not occur instantaneously and its kinetics have been investigated by several authors (Troy & Sharp, 1930;Herrington, 1934;Haase & Nickerson, 1966a). As mutarotation was shown to be a first-order reversible reaction, the concentrations of the alpha and beta forms as a function of time can be expressed by a simple differential equation:…”