Kinetic parameters for heterogenous boron combustion reactions via the Cluster Beam approach

Smolanoff, Jason; Sowa-Resat, Marianne B.; Łapicki, Adam; Hanley, Luke; Ruatta, Stephen A.; Hintz, Paul A.; Anderson, Scott L.

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(95)00155-7

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…To generate an approximately flat surface of solid boron, we used a solid ∼5 cm piece of polycrystalline 11 B grown by chemical vapor deposition by Eagle-Pitcher in the early 1990s. In experiments using these pieces as laser vaporization targets for gas-phase cluster chemistry studies, − we found that once the surface oxide was vaporized (in vacuum) the bulk of the pieces were largely oxide free. For the present experiment, we simply shattered the large piece just prior to introduction into the XPS vacuum system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxide-Free, Catalyst-Coated, Fuel-Soluble, Air-Stable Boron Nanopowder as Combined Combustion Catalyst and High Energy Density Fuel

Devener¹,

Perez²,

Jankovich³

et al. 2009

Energy Fuels

137

101

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Elemental boron has one of the highest volumetric heats of combustion known and is therefore of interest as a high energy density fuel. The fact that boron combustion is inherently a heterogeneous process makes rapid efficient combustion difficult. An obvious strategy is to increase the surface area/volume ratio by decreasing the particle size. This approach is limited by the fact that boron forms a ∼0.5 nm thick native oxide layer, which not only inhibits combustion, but also consumes an increasing fraction of the particle mass as the size is decreased. Another strategy might be to coat the boron particles with a material (e.g., catalyst) to enhance combustion of either the boron itself or of a hydrocarbon carrier fuel. We present a simple, scalable, one-step process for generating air-stable boron nanoparticles that are unoxidized, soluble in hydrocarbons, and coated with a combustion catalyst. Ball milling is used to produce ∼50 nm particles, protected against room temperature oxidation by oleic acid functionalization, and optionally coated with catalyst. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering were used to investigate size distributions, with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to probe the boron surface chemistry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxide-Free, Catalyst-Coated, Fuel-Soluble, Air-Stable Boron Nanopowder as Combined Combustion Catalyst and High Energy Density Fuel

Devener¹,

Perez²,

Jankovich³

et al. 2009

Energy Fuels

137

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One current has its origins in applying the development of cluster science to problems involving the practical use of boron in energy dense fuels. 1 The other current is intertwined with the broad desire to understand the overall nature of cluster systems in general, especially as to the expected insight that such systems would reveal about the transition from molecular to macroscopic systems. Small boron clusters ͑B n , n Ͻ 15͒ were seen as approachable systems for study because they would be tractable at a high level of ab initio theory given the computational resources available at the time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of neutral and charged B13 clusters with O2: A theoretical study

Slough

Kandalam

Pandey

2010

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The chemical reactivity of neutral, cationic, and anionic species of the gas phase B(13) cluster with molecular oxygen, O(2), was investigated using density functional theory. All three species of B(13) interact with an oxygen molecule to generate a variety of stable isomers, with those representing a dissociative chemisorption process forming the most stable configurations. Our results also show site-specific bonding of oxygen to the B(13)((+/0/-)) cluster. The effect of sequential ionization on the formation of products is pronounced. In ionic B(13) clusters, in addition to energetics, the spin of the reactants and products plays a vital role in determining the most favorable product channel. In addition, this study reveals a richness of phenomena requiring a unified consideration of energy, geometry, spin conversion, and details of the electronic structure not previously illustrated for the reactivity of boron clusters.

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“…It is suggested that the increased oxidation rate is due to gasification of the protective B 2 O 3 layer to boric acid (HBO 2 ). Smolanoff et al [10] showed that the addition of water to the boron/oxygen reaction yields a higher reaction rate than when HF(g), CO 2 (g), and BF 3 (g) are added. Data obtained by Krier et al [11] show that the addition of water reduces the ignition delay time and reduces the ignition temperature for combustion of boron when compared to combustion in pure oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of A Boron Oxide Layer on Hydrogen Production by Boron Hydrolysis

Hamed¹,

Wahbeh²,

Kasher³

2011

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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Hydrolysis of boron is investigated as a part of a boron/boron oxide solar, water-splitting, thermochemical cycle. Boron was hydrolysed and boron oxide was gasified with steam in a tubular reactor. The influence of the reactor temperature and time on hydrogen conversion was measured at furnace set point temperatures of 873, 973 and 1073 K. The hydrogen production rate was measured by inline gas chromatography. The products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The average hydrogen production efficiency of 92% was obtained for both 973 and 1073 K. The formation of a boric acid layer on the reactor walls was attributed to the gasification of the boron oxide. The X-ray analysis shows 100% conversion of the boron to boron oxide and boric acid.

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Kinetic parameters for heterogenous boron combustion reactions via the Cluster Beam approach

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Oxide-Free, Catalyst-Coated, Fuel-Soluble, Air-Stable Boron Nanopowder as Combined Combustion Catalyst and High Energy Density Fuel

Oxide-Free, Catalyst-Coated, Fuel-Soluble, Air-Stable Boron Nanopowder as Combined Combustion Catalyst and High Energy Density Fuel

Reactivity of neutral and charged B13 clusters with O2: A theoretical study

The Effect of A Boron Oxide Layer on Hydrogen Production by Boron Hydrolysis

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