Kinetic Models for Glucosamine Production by Acid Hydrolysis of Chitin in Five Mushrooms

Abstract

In this paper, glucosamine was produced by acid hydrolysis of five mushrooms. The glucosamine yields were investigated, and the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: acid type, sulfuric acid; acid concentration, 6 M; ratio of raw material to acid volume, 1 : 10; hydrolysis temperature, 100°C; and time, 6 h. Under these conditions, the glucosamine conversion from chitin content reached up to 92%. The results of hydrolysis kinetics indicated that hydrolysis of five mushrooms to glucosamine followed zero-order kinetics. Moreover, the relatively low activation energy for hydrolysis of straw mushroom (18.31 kJ/mol) and the highest glucosamine yield (56.8132 ± 3.5748 mg/g DM, 0.9824 g/g chitin) indicated that hydrolysis of straw mushroom was energy-saving. Thus, sulfuric acid hydrolysis of straw mushroom for glucosamine production should be considered as an efficient process for the future industrial application. However, further study is needed for glucosamine purification.

Chemoenzymatic Production and Engineering of Chitooligosaccharides and N-acetyl Glucosamine for Refining Biological Activities

“…The researchers employed co-solvents, including several aprotic solvents and etheric solvents, resulting in an 80% GlcN yield in the presence of 100 mM sulfuric acid (175°C, 60 mins). Recently, sulphuric acid hydrolysis of straw mushroom was conducted and a yield of 56.8132 mg g −1 glucosamine was achieved (Zhang and Sutheerawattananonda, 2020 ). Although the traditional chemicals are quite useful in terms of production levels, in view of product quality and environmental safety, it has become imperative to develop an alternative approach.…”

Renewable Carbohydrates: Advancements in Sustainable Glucose Production and Optimization

“…The choice of acid catalyst depends on factors such as reaction efficiency, cost, safety, and the downstream processing of the hydrolysate (Swiatek et al, 2020). Optimizing reaction conditions is crucial for achieving efficient acid hydrolysis (Zhang & Sutheerawattananonda, 2020). Factors such as temperature, acid concentration, reaction time, and solid-toliquid ratio need to be carefully controlled.…”

“…d) Temperature Dependence: The temperature dependence of reaction rates can provide valuable information about the activation energy and temperature dependence of rate constants. By conducting reactions at different temperatures and analyzing the resulting data, the Arrhenius equation can be used to estimate the activation energy and pre-exponential factor (Adeoye et al, 2019;P. Zhang & Sutheerawattananonda, 2020).…”

Mushroom Nutrition as Preventative Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa

“…Common African mushrooms such as Pleurotus tuber-regium, Termitomyces spp., Pleurotus spp., and Agaricus spp. are rich in chitin, which can be hydrolyzed into glucosamine, which is involved in the creation of molecules that protect joints from inflammation [98,99]. Some mushrooms act directly on inflammation.…”