Kinetic models for degumming and bleaching of phospholipids from crude palm oil using citric acid and Super Flo B80® and Tonsil®

Serrano-Bermúdez, Luis Miguel; Monroy-Peña, Camilo Antonio; Moreno, Darío; Abril, Andrés; Niño, Anderson D. Imbachi; Riascos, Carlos A.M.; Hurtado, Gustavo Buitrago; Rincón, Paulo César Narváez

doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2021.07.005

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The study showed that the kinetic models developed for the de- gumming and bleaching stages determined the doses of 0.015 wt% and 0.047 wt% for citric acid and bleaching clay, respectively. The phosphorus content in degummed palm oil was reduced from 35 ppm to product specifications and the reversible first order kinetic model was optimal (Serrano-Bermúdez et al, 2021). Furtherdelving into kinetic studies concerning the refining stages, notably degumming and bleaching in vegetable oil, facilitates a comprehensive grasp of the reaction mechanisms.…”

Section: Model Of Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on the genesis and removal methods of non-hydratable phospholipids from vegetable oils

Pan,

Liu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Grasas aceites

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Vegetable oil phospholipids can be divided into hydratable phospholipids (HP) and non-hydratable phospholipids (NHP). The general process of alkali refining or hydration degumming can remove most of the phospholipids, and the rest is mainly non-hydratable phospholipids. A non-hydratable phospholipid has obvious hydrophobicity, which cannot be completely removed even after 16 times of washing, so the non-hydratable phospholipid is the main research target of vegetable oil degumming. In order to better understand and study the non-hydratable phospholipids, the chemical composition and origin of non-hydratable phospholipids in vegetable oil are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of these various detection and removal methods are analyzed in this paper.

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Section: Model Of Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on the genesis and removal methods of non-hydratable phospholipids from vegetable oils

Pan,

Liu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Grasas aceites

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“…Rapeseed oil is therefore characterized by a favorable content of polyunsaturated fatty acids due to the ratio of linoleic (n-6) and linolenic (n-3) acids being 2:1 [4][5][6]. Dyes, phospholipids, free fatty acids, waxes, and heavy metal compounds are undesirable substances in crude rapeseed oil because they have an adverse effect on its physicochemical properties and sensory attributes [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of Bleaching Earth: The Green Solution for Rapeseed Oil Producers

et al. 2022

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The main purpose of the presented research is to characterize the relationship between the amount of bleaching earth used in the bleaching process of rapeseed oil and the efficiency of this process. Changes in the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments were examined using spectrophotometric and colorimetric methods. The process was carried out on a plate filter with different thicknesses of bleaching earth (BE) layers (1–3% in relation to the amount of oil). On the basis of the conducted research, a decrease in the content of chlorophylls (from 59 to 97%) and carotenoids (from 55 to 78%) was found, which affected the overall color of the oil. Based on the research results, it was found that the bleaching earth does not lose all of its adsorption properties after reaching the maximum, but they decrease in the next cycle. For some time, the sorbent can be used successfully, but to a lesser extent (40–45% of the original properties). This information is crucial as it will reduce BE consumption by up to 30% and shorten the oil bleaching cycle, as it will reduce the setup time of the machine.

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“…Palm oil is one of the principal feedstocks used for biodiesel production, especially in countries where it is intensively produced, like Malaysia, Indonesia, and Colombia (Abdul Kapor et al, 2017;Bautista et al, 2019;Zahan & Kano, 2018). Most industrial processes refine, bleach, and deodorize crude palm oil (CPO) to reduce the content of minor components, which negatively affect the production process and the quality of the final product (Serrano-Bermúdez et al, 2021). Deodorization usually is performed by steam stripping at around 250 C and 0.3 kPa to remove the free fatty acids (FFA) present in the CPO from its regular content, near 3 wt%, to values as low as 0.1 wt%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the limitations of statistical models, the presented results, including the optimum predicted, only apply in the intervals assessed for the study variables. On the other hand, kinetic models are more robust and suitable to predict optimal conditions if the model includes the appropriate variables (Serrano-Bermúdez et al, 2021). In this regard, Cho et al (2012) assessed the effect of temperature on palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) non-catalytic esterification at high temperatures (between 230 and 290 C) and pressures of up to 0.85 MPa, authors adjusted an irreversible firstorder model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic model for the esterification of free fatty acids from palm oil with methanol using sulfuric acid as catalyst and sensitivity analysis in tubular reactors

Serrano-Bermúdez

Monroy-Peña

Moreno

et al. 2021

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Industrial biodiesel production from crude palm oil (CPO) by homogeneous transesterification requires some conditioning stages. One is deodorization, where free fatty acids (FFA) are stripped out from the CPO. The FFA from the deodorizer is esterified using a homogeneous acid catalyst to produce more biodiesel and improve process profitability. This work studied the sulfuric acidcatalyzed esterification of FFA with methanol. The factors evaluated were temperature (between 40 and 60 C) and catalyst concentration (between 0.15 and 1.5 wt% based on the mixture). The parameters of a reversible second-order kinetic model were adjusted from experimental data using a genetic algorithm. The kinetic model, which adequately represents the esterification reaction, according to the Fisher-Snedecor test, was used to perform a sensitivity analysis in isothermal, adiabatic, and non-isolated continuous tubular esterification reactors using ASPEN HYSYS V10. The results showed that the highest conversion ($96%) was predicted using an isothermal reactor. However, its installation and operational costs could also be the highest. An adiabatic reactor was preferred, which optimal conversion of 94.5% was predicted at temperature, catalyst concentration, residence time, and methanol-to-FFA molar ratio of 140 C, 0.3 wt%, 47 min, and 6.7, respectively, its predicted operational cost was 0.63 dollars per biodiesel kilogram. Therefore, the adjusted and validated model has a relevant importance in the biofuel sector, not only in Colombia, but also worldwide.

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Kinetic models for degumming and bleaching of phospholipids from crude palm oil using citric acid and Super Flo B80® and Tonsil®

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Research progress on the genesis and removal methods of non-hydratable phospholipids from vegetable oils

Research progress on the genesis and removal methods of non-hydratable phospholipids from vegetable oils

Reuse of Bleaching Earth: The Green Solution for Rapeseed Oil Producers

Kinetic model for the esterification of free fatty acids from palm oil with methanol using sulfuric acid as catalyst and sensitivity analysis in tubular reactors

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