Kinetic modelling of the solventless synthesis of solketal with a sulphonic ion exchange resin

Esteban, Jesús; Ladero, Miguel; Garcı́a-Ochoa, Félix

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.01.107

Cited by 72 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…In this sense, many processes have been studied leading to oxygenated products of interest for their application in fuel formulations, such as solketal from the reaction of glycerol and acetone [6][7][8] or different ethers from the reaction with tert-butyl alcohol [9] or isobutylene [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of the production of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl and ethylene carbonate using potassium methoxide, a highly active catalyst

Esteban

Domı́nguez

Ladero

et al. 2015

Fuel Processing Technology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of the production of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl and ethylene carbonate using potassium methoxide, a highly active catalyst

Esteban

Domı́nguez

Ladero

et al. 2015

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…As it can be observed, the conversion is highly dependent of A/G ratio due to the fact that an excess of acetone increases the poor solubility of the reactants [23]. Additionally, by increasing the acetone glycerol molar ratio, the reaction could drive itself forward, favoring solketal production [39] and increases at increasing A/G ratio, so a maximum equilibrium conversion of 80% is achieved at A/G = 8/1. For a fixed A/G ratio, higher time of reaction achieved higher conversion rates, so values of 40%, 60%, and 70% are obtained at A/G of 2/1, 4/1 and 6/1 respectively for 60 min of reaction.…”

Section: Batch-reactor Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Continuous-Flow Process for Glycerol Conversion to Solketal Using a Brönsted Acid Functionalized Carbon-Based Catalyst

et al. 2019

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The acetalization of glycerol with acetone represents a strategy for its valorization into solketal as a fuel additive component. Thus, acid carbon-based structured catalyst (SO3H-C) has been prepared, characterized and tested in this reaction. The structured catalyst (L = 5 cm, d = 1 cm) showed a high surface density of acidic sites (2.9 mmol H+ g−1) and a high surface area. This catalyst is highly active and stable in the solketal reaction production in a batch reactor system and in a continuous downflow reactor, where several parameters were studied such as the variation of time of reaction, temperature, acetone/glycerol molar ratio (A/G) and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV). A complete glycerol conversion and 100% of solketal selectivity were achieved working in the continuous flow reactor equipped with distillation equipment when WHSV is 2.9 h−1, A/G = 8 at 57 °C in a co-solvent free operation. The catalyst maintained its activity under continuous flow even after 300 min of reaction.

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“…[10] Others used other models more containing more equations, which were referred to as simplified model for ethyl ester viscosity. [30][31][32][33][34][35] F is based on a null hypothesis that supports the adequacy of the goodness of the correlation of the model to the experimental values of the measured variable and is defined as follows by Eq. Then, depending on the length of the carbon chain length, the equations used a different amount of parameters.…”

Section: Viscosity Of Pure Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Discrimination of Models for the Viscometric Properties of Myristic, Palmitic and Stearic Acids and Their Binary Mixtures

Esteban

Bakalis

Duckitt

et al. 2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Fatty acids have a great importance in several industrial activities like the manufacture of ingredients for foods, paints, soap, detergents and a wide array of other products in the fast moving consumer goods industry. Processing of fatty acids requires a good knowledge of transport properties, such as viscosity. This work presents a compilation of experimental values of the viscosity of three long‐chain saturated fatty acids, namely: myristic, palmitic and stearic acid. First, a study of the dependence of the viscosity of these fatty acids with temperature is presented comparing results with previously existing data in literature and validating data and models statistically. Then, a thorough analysis of the viscosity of binary mixtures of the aforementioned fatty acids was conducted. To do so, such property was measured over the entire range of compositions in increments of the molar fraction of the components of 0.1 at temperatures ranging from above the melting points of the fatty acids to 373.15 K and correlation with respect to composition and temperature with the Jouyban–Acree model. Last, the so‐called viscosity deviations were computed and correlated with Redlich–Kister equations to explain the variation as a function of the molar composition of the corresponding mixture. Discrimination of different models to correlate the experimental data was made on the basis of different statistical criteria. Practical Application: Good knowledge of transport properties such as viscosity is important to understand the physics and processing of materials. Contrary to simply using a viscometer, here cone and plate rheometry is used to accurately determine the viscosity of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids and their binary mixtures, which have high melting points compared to other liquids. In addition, the presentation of statistical discrimination tools like information criteria is highly relevant to understand the goodness of fit of models and the selection of the most statistically relevant equations without using more parameters than strictly necessary. The viscosities of pure myristic, palmitic and stearic acids as well as their binary mixtures are determined and a discrimination of models is performed to understand the most appropriate number of parameters to describe the behaviour.

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Kinetic modelling of the solventless synthesis of solketal with a sulphonic ion exchange resin

Cited by 72 publications

References 53 publications

Kinetics of the production of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl and ethylene carbonate using potassium methoxide, a highly active catalyst

Kinetics of the production of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl and ethylene carbonate using potassium methoxide, a highly active catalyst

Continuous-Flow Process for Glycerol Conversion to Solketal Using a Brönsted Acid Functionalized Carbon-Based Catalyst

On the Discrimination of Models for the Viscometric Properties of Myristic, Palmitic and Stearic Acids and Their Binary Mixtures

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