Kinetic modelling of NH₃production in N₂–H₂non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasma catalysis

Sustainable Non‐Thermal Plasma‐Assisted Nitrogen Fixation—Synergistic Catalysis

“…[22,23] Since then, Shah et al explored the use of various metal meshes (Fe, Cu, Pd, Ag), low-melting alloys, and metal-organic frameworks as catalysts for ammonia synthesis under non-thermalp lasma conditions. [67,79] Based on this, Shah further demonstrated that the electron temperature is the main factor controlling N 2 dissociation in the gas phase. [67,79] Based on this, Shah further demonstrated that the electron temperature is the main factor controlling N 2 dissociation in the gas phase.…”

“…Because reactions take place in both the gaseous and liquid phase, the plasma-UV synergistic effects should occur in both the gaseous and liquid phases as well. [67] Therefore, the dissociation rate of nitrogen under UV irradiation and plasma was higher, as indicated by the red arrows in Figure 6. Therefore, the same plasma-N 2 interactions as reviewed in Section 2.1.1should occur.…”

“…For atmospheric non-equilibrium plasma, such as DBD, N 2 and H 2 in the plasma region discharge in the form of af ilamentarym ode, where the plasma filaments tend to last for 10-100 ns. [67] Within the differentt ypes of interactions, the authors identified that the high rate of the three-body reactions between the NH radicals, H 2 ,a nd another H 2 or N 2 molecule were the main driving force in the formation of ammonia in N 2 and H 2 plasma without catalytic surface reactions. [64][65][66] Hong et al furtherc ategorized the reactions for the PNH system into 14 types, including electronic excitation and ionization by electrons, vibrational excitation and de-excitation of N 2 (ni) and H 2 (nj) by electrons, vibrational-translational interactions, three-body reactions, etc.…”

“…[39,63] During the filamentous discharge, the plasma-N 2 -H 2 (PNH) interactions could be summarized by the following three generals teps:i )dissociation and ionization of the inlet nitrogen and hydrogen gases,i i) formation of the gaseous and surface-adsorbed reactive species, and iii)production of ammonia through recombination of the reactive species. [67] To explain this complex interaction scheme between plasma,N 2 ,a nd H 2 ,t he authors used time-and space-averaged electron densities and temperatures to describe the process. [67] Within the differentt ypes of interactions, the authors identified that the high rate of the three-body reactions between the NH radicals, H 2 ,a nd another H 2 or N 2 molecule were the main driving force in the formation of ammonia in N 2 and H 2 plasma without catalytic surface reactions.…”

“…Although in their studies the metal-woolc atalysts wereu sed, they came to the same conclusions as Shah et al [77] that Au was the most effective catalyst under both atmospheric and low pressures ( Figure 5). [67] In ap revious work on generating ammonia using functionalized carbon coatings, surface adsorption andr ecombination occurred between nitrogen and surface-adsorbed hydroxyl groups. The studies demonstrated the possibility to develop NTPNF catalysts based on metallic catalysts that are more economical than Ru.…”