Kinetic modeling of C2–C7 olefins interconversion over ZSM-5 catalyst

Catalytic Conversion of 1‐butene over Modified Versions of Commercial ZSM‐5 to Produce Clean Fuels and Chemicals

“…The mass ratio of DCut : NCut was in the range 1.0–3.7, indicating the favourable formation of the 170–390 °C cut characteristic of diesel products (DCut) over the <170 °C cut characteristic of naphtha products (NCut). Olefin oligomerisation systems involve complex reaction mechanisms where, besides oligomerisation, various side reactions may occur such as cracking (primary, secondary), alkylation and isomerisations (double bond, methyl shifts) . The liquid products were analysed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy (details in the Supporting Information) to determine the relative amount of aromatic products (H ar ), isoparaffinic ratio ( I ), and the cetane number (CN, based on the O'Connor method) of the mixtures (Table S2).…”

“…Olefin oligomerisation systems involve complex reaction mechanisms where, besides oligomerisation, various side reactions may occur such as cracking (primary, secondary), alkylation and isomerisations (double bond, methyl shifts). [74][75][76][77] The liquid products were analysed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy (details in the Supporting Information) to determine the relative amount of aromatic products (H ar ), isoparaffinic ratio (I), [78] and the cetane number (CN, based on the O'Connor method) [78] of the mixtures (Table S2). The isoparaffinic ratios I (reflects the branching degree) were in the range 0.52-0.60 for the prepared catalysts.…”

Discerning complex reaction networks using automated generators

“…This assumption would be most appropriate at low propylene conversion, where the concentration or pressure of propylene is dominant, and drastically reduces the presence of saturated hydrocarbons in the reaction system, allowing only C6 paraffins to be generated. It should be noted that paraffins, and as a consequence, dienes are often considered side products during oligomerization and cracking chemistry of light olefins on acidic zeolites, and only minor fractions of these species are usually experimentally detected . In some cases, the production of paraffins is completely ignored in the kinetic models to reduce the calculation effort, and the amounts of paraffins experimentally detected are added to the olefins with the same carbon number as a simplification …”

Recently developed applications for natural hydrophilic polymers

“…Large quantities of nickel and sulfur in crude oil make the refining process heavier; unfortunately, the current conventional processes to remove these materials require a significant investment and long reaction times [188][189][190][191]. Wang et al Chitosan compounds have also been used as oxidants [193][194][195][196][197][198][199].…”