Kinetic model for modern double-layered Pd/Rh TWC as a function of metal loadings and mileage

Promotional Effect of La in the Three-Way Catalysis of La-Loaded Al2O3-Supported Pd Catalysts (Pd/La/Al2O3)

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9] Although catalysts that contain these non-noble metal components have recently been intensively studied, practical systems still need large amounts of PGMs, such as Pd, Rh, and Pt in order to meet the very strict regulations for controlling exhaust gas emissions. [10][11][12][13] Modern commercial three-way catalysts generally consist of Pd-and Rh-based catalysts, 14,15 and therefore, the design and development of effective catalytic supports is necessary in order to maximize the activity of PGMs, especially Pd and Rh. Among various candidates for TWC supports, La-loaded Al 2 O 3 (La/Al 2 O 3 ) is one of the most wellknown and used industrial supports.…”

“…Three-way catalysis (TWC) is regarded as the most extensively used method for controlling automotive emissions. − Much effort has been devoted to the design and development of effective catalytic materials for the TWC process, and the catalysts explored contain a variety of metals that include platinum group metals (PGMs) and other earth-abundant metals such as Fe, Ni, and Cu. − Although catalysts that contain these non-noble metal components have recently been intensively studied, practical systems still need large amounts of PGMs, such as Pd, Rh, and Pt, in order to meet the very strict regulations for controlling exhaust gas emissions. − Modern commercial three-way catalysts generally consist of Pd- and Rh-based catalysts, , and therefore, the design and development of effective catalytic supports is necessary in order to maximize the activity of PGMs, especially Pd and Rh.…”

Role of Ba in an Al2O3‐Supported Pd‐based Catalyst under Practical Three‐Way Catalysis Conditions

“…[24] Alkaline earth and lanthanide metals are often introduced into Al 2 O 3 as structural stabilizers that suppress the γ-to-α phase transformation. [25][26][27] Basic metals, such as La and Ba, are also known to stabilize Pd, which is the most commonly used active metal in modern commercial three-way catalysts [28][29][30][31][32][33] under TWC conditions, resulting in improved Pd dispersion even after catalyst exposure to harsh operating conditions. [34][35][36][37][38][39] In addition to the stabilizing benefits received by the support metals from basic metal additives and the stabilizing supports themselves, these basic metals have been shown to promote catalytic TWC performance.…”

Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Nitrogen-Deficient Ag/g-C3N4 Nanofiber Films with Enhanced Charge Transfer Dynamics for Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity

“…The severe global energy crisis and environmental deterioration have been recognized as the most urgent challenges for human society. − Semiconductor photocatalysis technology might be a promising avenue to transform solar energy to chemical energy and remove the environmental pollution in an efficient and green way . As a representative polymeric semiconductor, g-C 3 N 4 has aroused extensive attentions for photocatalytic application in water splitting, pollutant degradation, and CO 2 conversion on account of its superior characteristics including a suitable band gap ( E g = 2.70 eV), good chemical stability, and a controllable electronic structure with π-conjugated graphitic planes. − As known to all, g-C 3 N 4 was usually prepared with a thermal decomposition-assisted poly-condensation route using nitrogen-containing precursors, such as melamine, dicyandiamide, urea, and so on. − Unfortunately, the resulting bulk g-C 3 N 4 often exhibited a lower specific surface area, limited active sites, and poor solvent solubility, resulting in poor charge mobility, fast recombination of photo-induced charge carriers, and insufficient sunlight utilization for commercialization.…”