Kinetic interactions between aluminiuml<sub>iquid</sub>and iron/steel<sub>solid</sub>for conditions applicable to hot-dip aluminizing

Denner, S. G.; Jones, R. D.

doi:10.1179/030716977803292574

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[7] or an IMC thickness of less than 1.5 lm at the Al-Fe interface [5]. Bouche et al [1,42,43] have confirmed the parabolic growth kinetics of Fe 2 Al 5 , which dominates the IMC thickness compared to the thin FeAl 3 compound. Controlling the growth of Fe 2 Al 5 could effectively control the overall IMC thickness.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Imc Growthmentioning

confidence: 92%

Analysis of Al-steel resistance spot welding process by developing a fully coupled multi-physics simulation model

Wang

et al. 2015

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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Section: Calculation Of the Imc Growthmentioning

confidence: 92%

Analysis of Al-steel resistance spot welding process by developing a fully coupled multi-physics simulation model

Wang

et al. 2015

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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“…These lightly pre-welded samples were then isothermally annealed in the temperature range 673 K to 843 K (400°C to 570°C ) for times increasing up to 8 hours. Metallographic cross sections were prepared from the welded and heat-treated samples by grinding and polishing, using standard techniques, before observation Bouayad et al [13] 74.1 1073 (800) pure Al*-pure Fe Denner and Jones [14] 170-195 1044 (771) pure Al*-Mild steel Eggeler et al [15] 34-155 1059 (786) pure Al*-Low carbon steel Naoi et al [6] 281 873-923 (600-650) pure Al-pure Fe Springer et al [3] 190 873 (600) pure aluminum-low-carbon steel Tang et al [16] 123 953-1043 (680-770) pure Al*-pure Fe by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a high-resolution FEI Magellan field emission gun (FEG) microscope. The average layer thickness was determined from the net area of the IMC layer divided by the interface length.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Grain Structure on Intermetallic Compound Layer Growth Rates in Fe-Al Dissimilar Welds

Robson

Wang

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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The thickness of the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer that forms when aluminum is welded to steel is critical in determining the properties of the dissimilar joints. The IMC reaction layer typically consists of two phases (g and h) and many attempts have been made to determine the apparent activation energy for its growth, an essential parameter in developing any predictive model for layer thickness. However, even with alloys of similar composition, there is no agreement of the correct value of this activation energy. In the present work, the IMC layer growth has been characterized in detail for AA6111 aluminum to DC04 steel couples under isothermal annealing conditions. The samples were initially lightly ultrasonically welded to produce a metallic bond, and the structure and thickness of the layer were then characterized in detail, including tracking the evolution of composition and grain size in the IMC phases. A model developed previously for Al-Mg dissimilar welds was adapted to predict the coupled growth of the two phases in the layer, whilst accounting explicitly for grain boundary and lattice diffusion, and considering the influence of grain growth. It has been shown that the intermetallic layer has a submicron grain size, and grain boundary diffusion as well as grain growth plays a critical role in determining the thickening rate for both phases. The model was used to demonstrate how this explains the wide scatter in the apparent activation energies previously reported. From this, process maps were developed that show the relative importance of each diffusion path to layer growth as a function of temperature and time.

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“…[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Denner et al 29) detected the formation of η-Fe2Al5 and θ-FeAl3 compounds in the case of the interaction between liquid aluminum and solid iron during hot dip aluminizing. The parabolic kinetics of growth of the two intermetallic compounds was proposed in references, 30,31) whereas negative deviations from the parabolic relationship was observed after long reaction times between the liquid aluminum saturated with Fe and solid iron. 32,33) The contradiction was resolved by Dybkov who confirmed the presence of a linear growth stage after the prior parabolic growth, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Intermetallic Compounds in Dissimilar Material Resistance Spot Welded Joint of High Strength Steel and Aluminum Alloy

et al. 2011

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Dissimilar materials of H220 Zn-coated high strength steel and 6008 aluminum alloy were welded by median frequency resistance spot welding. Interfacial characteristics and kinetics of growth of intermetallic compound layer at steel/aluminum interface in the welded joint were investigated. The intermetallic compound layer was mainly made up of η-Fe2Al5 and θ-FeAl3 phases, and its morphology and thickness varied with positions along the interface. The growth behavior of the intermetallic compound layer was dominated by η-Fe2Al5, which exhibited parabolic characteristic. The growth coefficient of η-Fe2Al5 could be expressed as with k0 of 132 m 2 /s and Q of 239 kJ/mol. The kinetics of growth of the intermetallic compound layer indicated that its formation and growth were mainly driven by reactive diffusion between Fe and Al atoms, and hence the thickness and morphology of the layer were dependant on interaction time between liquid aluminum alloy and solid steel, and also interfacial temperature history during welding. The brittle intermetallic compound layer at the steel/aluminum interface was the weak zone where cracks inclined to derive and propagate during tensile shear testing. The fracture surfaces of the welded joint displayed mixed fracture morphology with both brittle and ductile features.

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Kinetic interactions between aluminiuml_iquidand iron/steel_solidfor conditions applicable to hot-dip aluminizing

Cited by 44 publications

References 4 publications

Analysis of Al-steel resistance spot welding process by developing a fully coupled multi-physics simulation model

Analysis of Al-steel resistance spot welding process by developing a fully coupled multi-physics simulation model

The Influence of Grain Structure on Intermetallic Compound Layer Growth Rates in Fe-Al Dissimilar Welds

Characterization of Intermetallic Compounds in Dissimilar Material Resistance Spot Welded Joint of High Strength Steel and Aluminum Alloy

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Kinetic interactions between aluminiumliquidand iron/steelsolidfor conditions applicable to hot-dip aluminizing

Cited by 44 publications

References 4 publications

Analysis of Al-steel resistance spot welding process by developing a fully coupled multi-physics simulation model

Analysis of Al-steel resistance spot welding process by developing a fully coupled multi-physics simulation model

The Influence of Grain Structure on Intermetallic Compound Layer Growth Rates in Fe-Al Dissimilar Welds

Characterization of Intermetallic Compounds in Dissimilar Material Resistance Spot Welded Joint of High Strength Steel and Aluminum Alloy

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Kinetic interactions between aluminiuml_iquidand iron/steel_solidfor conditions applicable to hot-dip aluminizing