Kinetic factors of vertical jumping for heading a ball in flexible flatfooted amateur soccer players with and without insole adoption

Abstract

Adoption of the insole improved the design of the shoe-foot interface support for the flexible flatfoot athletes, enabling them to develop more effective take-off kinetics for vertical jumping in terms of ground reaction force and stance duration similar to that of normal foot subjects without insole.

Effect of Red Arch-Support Insoles on Subjective Comfort and Movement Biomechanics in Various Landing Heights

“…However, the reduction in GRF loading was not reported in arch-support insoles for healthy arched subjects in this study, which is partially aligned with the general understanding that with increased rigidity at midfoot/rearfoot by arch-support and/or ankle support, vertical impact loading increased at the early stance phase during running [54] and landing [55]. While external can effectively support the ligamentous structures in reducing overpronation during movements for a more neutral foot alignment [16,23], the kinetic energy originally absorbed by joint motion has to be released through increased impact force [55]. This is in contrast to other studies, which indicated that flatfooted individuals wearing arch-support insoles would experience lower vertical GRF and loading rates at heel contact in landing maneuvers [16].…”

“…These injuries may relate to higher level of GRF and joint loading [13,21]. Previous studies have reported that arch-support insoles would provide mechanical support to the medial longitudinal arch of a foot and thus improve postural control and receptor sensory inputs onto the foot plantar in various functional tasks [16,23] and lower risk of knee injuries [21]. However, the reduction in GRF loading was not reported in arch-support insoles for healthy arched subjects in this study, which is partially aligned with the general understanding that with increased rigidity at midfoot/rearfoot by arch-support and/or ankle support, vertical impact loading increased at the early stance phase during running [54] and landing [55].…”

“…Ankle and knee joint biomechanics variables are direct relevance to the footwear assessment during jump and landing performance [38,45,51,52]. Peak vertical forefoot GRF, rearfoot GRF and maximum loading rates were also calculated, as these GRF variables are the key biomechanical indicators associated with landing injuries as well as foot insole effect [16,38].…”

“…Repetitive jumps can impose excessive lower extremity joint loading that is not sufficiently attenuated by the soft tissues in a very short time interval [11], which thereby contribute to higher risks of ankle and impact related injuries [12,13]. Impact forces can be modulated by landing strategies [14,15], with larger ankle pronation leading to higher impact force and risk potential of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury [16]. While neuromuscular training such as ankle disk training exercises would enhance joint coordination and proprioception at ankle joint [17], the use of foot insole was reported to induce acute changes in ankle [18], knee [19], and hip [20] mechanics that is related to lower risk of injuries [21].…”

“…It is reported that more than 50% of basketball players use medial arch-support insoles in game play [22]. Biomechanically, arch-support insoles increase the foot-insole contact area and pressure at the medial longitudinal arch of a foot, which would enhance postural control and receptor sensory on the foot plantar during locomotion [16,23]. During drop landing, wearing foot insoles would reduce ankle eversion, knee valgus and loading, suggesting a lower risk of ACL injury during landing [24,25].…”