Kinetic examination of femoral bone modeling in broilers

Prisby, Rhonda D.; Menezes, Thomas; Campbell, Jeremiah; Benson, Tyler J; Samraj, E. F.; Pevzner, I. Y.; Wideman, Robert F.

doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03778

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…At 19 days of age, the body weight of the broiler has yet to cause mechanical trauma on the tibia, thereby the immune response, nutrient deficiency or immune response associated energy cost resulted in the long bone structure abnormality and bone mineral loss. Although changes in bone microstructure during Eimeria infection may not necessarily cause bone damage during growth, it potentially enhances the risk of bone damage and the susceptibility to bone disease, with certain mechanical triggering and severe intestinal bacterial infection ( Prisby et al, 2014 ; Wideman, 2016 ). Moreover, in the current study, the mRNA expression of bone related proteins in bone marrow is also in line with the micro-CT morphological observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Bone Mineral Loss, Bone Microstructural Changes and Oxidative Stress After Eimeria Challenge in Broilers

et al. 2022

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of coccidiosis on bone quality and antioxidant status in the liver and bone marrow of broiler chickens. A total of 360 13-day old male broilers (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to different groups (negative control, low, medium-low, medium-high, and highest dose groups) and orally gavaged with different concentrations of Eimeria oocysts solution. Broiler tibia and tibia bone marrow were collected at 6 days post-infection (6 dpi) for bone 3-D structural analyses and the gene expression related to osteogenesis, oxidative stress, and adipogenesis using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and real-time qPCR analysis, respectively. Metaphyseal bone mineral density and content were reduced in response to the increase of Eimeria challenge dose, and poor trabecular bone traits were observed in the high inoculation group. However, there were no significant structural changes in metaphyseal cortical bone. Medium-high Eimeria challenge dose significantly increased level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG, p < 0.05) and decreased levels of bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein coding gene (BGLAP, p < 0.05) and fatty acid synthase coding gene (FASN, p < 0.05) in bone marrow. An increased mRNA level of superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1, p < 0.05) and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1, p < 0.05), and increased enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, p < 0.05) were found in bone marrow of Eimeria challenged groups compared with that of non-infected control. Similarly, enzyme activity of SOD and the mRNA level of SOD1, HMOX1 and aflatoxin aldehyde reductase (AKE7A2) were increased in the liver of infected broilers (p < 0.05), whereas glutathione (GSH) content was lower in the medium-high challenge group (p < 0.05) compared with non-challenged control. Moreover, the mRNA expression of catalase (CAT) and nuclear factor kappa B1 (NFKB1) showed dose-depend response in the liver, where expression of CAT and NFKB1 was upregulated in the low challenge group but decreased with the higher Eimeria challenge dosage (p < 0.05). In conclusion, high challenge dose of Eimeria infection negatively affected the long bone development. The structural changes of tibia and decreased mineral content were mainly located at the trabecular bone of metaphyseal area. The change of redox and impaired antioxidant status following the Eimeria infection were observed in the liver and bone marrow of broilers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Bone Mineral Loss, Bone Microstructural Changes and Oxidative Stress After Eimeria Challenge in Broilers

et al. 2022

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“…This observation may be somewhat unexpected at first site, given the fact that, at least in adults, BV/TV is independent of body mass (Barak et al, 2013), but can most likely be attributed to differences in growth rate. High rates of bone growth are associated with less dense bone (Martin and Burr, 1989;Leterrier and Nys, 1992;Williams et al, 2004;Prisby et al, 2014) and growth rate in pony breeds is much lower than in horse breeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trabecular bone of precocials at birth; Are they prepared to run for the wolf(f)?

Gorissen

Wolschrijn

Vilsteren

et al. 2016

Journal of Morphology

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Bone is a dynamic tissue adapting to loading according to “Wolff's law of bone adaptation.” During very early life, however, such a mechanism may not be adequate enough to adapt to the dramatic change in environmental challenges in precocial species. Their neonates are required to stand and walk within hours after birth, in contrast to altricial animals that have much more time to adapt from the intrauterine environment to the outside world. In this study, trabecular bone parameters of the talus and sagittal ridge of the tibia from stillborn but full‐term precocials (calves and foals) were analyzed by micro‐CT imaging in order to identify possible anticipatory mechanisms to loading. Calculated average bone volume fraction in the Shetland pony (49–74%) was significantly higher compared to Warmblood foals (28–51%). Bovine trabecular bone was characterized by a low average bone volume fraction (22–28%), however, more directional anisotropy was found. It is concluded that anticipatory strategies in skeletal development exist in precocial species, which differ per species and are most likely related to anatomical differences in joint geometry and related loading patterns. The underlying regulatory mechanisms are still unknown, but they may be based on a genetic blueprint for the development of bone. More knowledge, both about a possible blueprint and its regulation, will be helpful in understanding developmental bone and joint diseases. J. Morphol. 277:948–956, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“… 2001 ; Wideman and Prisby 2012 ; Prisby et al. 2014 ; Wideman 2016 ). Genetic selection for the best possible muscle mass gains of meat type chickens means that their bones are not able to develop proportionally to the increasing body weight.…”

Section: Bacterial Chondronecrosis With Osteomyelitis (Bco)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leg bones of chickens are less mineralised, more porous and prone to fractures or other injuries due to the constant excessive mechanical force exerted on them (Thorp and Waddington 1997 ; Wideman and Prisby 2012 ; Prisby et al. 2014 ). Also, any other conditions predisposing to limb bone damage, such as tibial dyschondroplasia (Wyers et al.…”

Section: Bacterial Chondronecrosis With Osteomyelitis (Bco)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fast-growing broilers experience lameness most often, as their immature skeletal systems cannot withhold the rapidly increasing body mass (Thorp and Waddington 1997 ; Wideman and Prisby 2012 ; Prisby et al. 2014 ). Among infectious factors, staphylococci have been recognized as one of the most important bacterial pathogens responsible for skeletal infections in poultry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on skeletal disorders caused byStaphylococcusspp. in poultry

Szafraniec

Szeleszczuk

Dolka

2022

Veterinary Quarterly

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Lameness or leg weakness is the main cause of poor poultry welfare and serious economic losses in meat-type poultry production worldwide. Disorders related to the legs are often associated with multifactorial aetiology which makes diagnosis and proper treatment difficult. Among the infectious agents, bacteria of genus Staphylococcus are one of the most common causes of bone infections in poultry and are some of the oldest bacterial infections described in poultry. Staphylococci readily infect bones and joints and are associated with bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), spondylitis, arthritis, tendinitis, tenosynovitis, osteomyelitis, turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC), bumblefoot, dyschondroplasia with osteomyelitis and amyloid arthropathy. Overall, 61 staphylococcal species have been described so far, and 56% of them (34/61) have been isolated from clinical cases in poultry. Although Staphylococcus aureus is the principal cause of poultry staphylococcosis, other Staphylococcus species, such as S. agnetis, S. cohnii , S. epidermidis, S. hyicus, S. simulans , have also been isolated from skeletal lesions. Antimicrobial treatment of staphylococcosis is usually ineffective due to the location and type of lesion, as well as the possible occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains. Increasing demand for antibiotic-free farming has contributed to the use of alternatives to antibiotics. Other prevention methods, such as better management strategies, early feed restriction or use of slow growing broilers should be implemented to avoid rapid growth rate, which is associated with locomotor problems. This review aims to summarise and address current knowledge on skeletal disorders associated with Staphylococcus spp. infection in poultry.

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Kinetic examination of femoral bone modeling in broilers

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Long Bone Mineral Loss, Bone Microstructural Changes and Oxidative Stress After Eimeria Challenge in Broilers

Long Bone Mineral Loss, Bone Microstructural Changes and Oxidative Stress After Eimeria Challenge in Broilers

Trabecular bone of precocials at birth; Are they prepared to run for the wolf(f)?

Review on skeletal disorders caused byStaphylococcusspp. in poultry

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