Kinetic Evaluation of In-Situ Carbothermic Processing of Mixed Electrode Material of Discarded Li-Ion Batteries

Pindar, Sanjay; Dhawan, Nikhil

doi:10.1007/s11663-021-02235-1

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Pindar and Dhawan [ 12 ] conducted carbothermic reduction experiments of mixed cathode materials of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 and LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 at 600 °C to 1000 °C under argon atmosphere using TGA-DTA analysis and also found LiCoO 2 decomposition similar to Li et al . However, the activation energy was reported to be much lower, ranging from 204.4 to 234.2 kJ/mol obtained with the Kissinger, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Friedman models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Pindar and Dhawan [12] conducted carbothermic reduction experiments of mixed cathode materials of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 and LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 at 600 °C to 1000 °C under argon atmosphere using TGA-DTA analysis and also found LiCoO 2 decomposition similar to Li et al However, the activation energy was reported to be much lower, ranging from 204.4 to 234.2 kJ/mol obtained with the Kissinger, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Friedman models. They also conducted isothermal experiments at 700 °C to 900 °C for 30, 45, and 60 minutes to investigate the kinetics using the fraction of metal extracted (by water leaching) as the degree of reaction parameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recovery of Cobalt and Lithium by Carbothermic Reduction of LiCoO2 Cathode Material: A Kinetic Study

Nuraeni

Avarmaa

Prentice

et al. 2023

Metall Mater Trans B

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Recycling of Li-ion battery cathode materials using carbon from the anode materials via carbothermic reduction would provide a reduction process option that could be carried out without introducing any external reactants. From this basis, this study investigated and examined the kinetics of carbothermic reduction of LiCoO 2 at 700 °C to 1100 °C under inert atmosphere up to 240 minutes reaction time using an isothermal mass change analysis combined with detailed microstructure evolution observation. The overall reduction mechanism appeared to involve diffusion of oxygen in LiCoO 2 during its thermal decomposition in the first stage, followed by the nucleation of cobalt in the second stage. The activation energy of the diffusion and nucleation stages were calculated to be 121 and 95 kJ/mol, respectively. The microstructure analyses showed a complex evolution of phases. At 700 °C to 900 °C, Li 2 CO 3 and Co phases were observed as the product of the reductions; while at 1000 °C to 1100 °C, Li 2 O and Co phases were observed. The information and data obtained are useful when comparing different recycling methods and optimizing the carbothermic reduction parameters for recycling cathode materials from spent Li-ion batteries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Pindar and Dhawan [12] conducted carbothermic reduction experiments of mixed cathode materials of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 and LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 at 600 °C to 1000 °C under argon atmosphere using TGA-DTA analysis and also found LiCoO 2 decomposition similar to Li et al However, the activation energy was reported to be much lower, ranging from 204.4 to 234.2 kJ/mol obtained with the Kissinger, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Friedman models. They also conducted isothermal experiments at 700 °C to 900 °C for 30, 45, and 60 minutes to investigate the kinetics using the fraction of metal extracted (by water leaching) as the degree of reaction parameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%