Kinetic critical temperature and optimized chemical vapor deposition growth of carbon nanotubes

Vinten, Phillip; Jacques, Laurent; Finnie, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2008.12.095

Cited by 40 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…They À tted the growth rate to the exponentially decaying À growth model, which is qualitatively similar to the decaying growth rate we see here over longer times, although in their case no initial acceleration phase was reported. The temperature scaling of the initial growth rate and D/G ratio in that work are generally consistent with our results from video movies of forest growth [12]. Although not discussed in Ref.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Growing nanotubes are green and completed nanotubes are red Nano Res (2009) 2: 783 792 steady growth with sudden termination, as well as initial acceleration and subsequent deceleration [11]. In similar ethanol CVD video studies we only saw exponential growth rate decay, though the height resolution may simply not have been sufficient to observe any initial exponential onset [12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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The dynamics of the nucleation, growth and termination of single-walled carbon nanotubes from in situ Raman spectroscopy during chemical vapor deposition

2009

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The dynamics of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is extracted experimentally using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Nanotubes are grown using a thin À lm cobalt catalyst and À an ethanol precursor in a miniature hot walled reactor with optical access. Raman spectra at room temperature and at the growth temperature are compared for two growth temperatures. The evolution of the G-band, D-band, and radial breathing mode (RBM) is tracked at the growth temperature with time resolution of a few seconds. There are three identifiable phases in the evolution of the Raman signal intensity: an initial exponential increasing phase, a linear growth phase, and a saturation phase. In situ optical spectroscopy thus enables the study of nucleation, steady growth, and deactivation processes to be investigated separately in real time. The evolution curves for all bands (G, D, and RBM), when scaled, collapse onto the same curve, to within experimental uncertainty.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

The dynamics of the nucleation, growth and termination of single-walled carbon nanotubes from in situ Raman spectroscopy during chemical vapor deposition

2009

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“…Several reports demonstrate that nanotube forests grow at an initially rapid rate which drops off either gradually [7,20,21] or suddenly [15,22,23]. Because nanotube forests are attached to a substrate and grown in such abundance, process monitoring can be as simple as making in situ videos of forest growth [4,21,22,24,25]. Due to the large number of nanotubes in close proximity within forests, mechanical stresses induced by interactions between nanotubes are very important factors contributing to their growth [10,18,24,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Millimeter tall forests of SWNTs and/or MWNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotubes) are now regularly synthesized [1,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and research has shifted focus from how nanotube growth is initiated to the increasingly important question of how nanotube growth terminates [15,18,19]. Several reports demonstrate that nanotube forests grow at an initially rapid rate which drops off either gradually [7,20,21] or suddenly [15,22,23]. Because nanotube forests are attached to a substrate and grown in such abundance, process monitoring can be as simple as making in situ videos of forest growth [4,21,22,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct termination morphologies for vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests

et al. 2009

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Distinct termination morphologies for vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests Vinten, P.; Marshall, P.; Lefebvre, J.; Finnie, P.Contact us / Contactez nous: nparc.cisti@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Abstract Vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests, including single-walled nanotubes, are imaged optically as they grow in situ from cobalt/alumina catalyst using water-assisted acetylene chemical vapor deposition. Three distinct termination morphologies are identified and investigated optically and via scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative growth dynamics are extracted and show gradual deceleration and sudden termination of growth. The termination morphology is discussed in terms of the balance of forces within the forest. We speculate that sudden termination is a collective effect arising from an imbalance in these forces.

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“…[5][6][7][8] These variations arise from the dynamics of growth, which are dominated by time-varying kinetics of chemical decomposition, catalytic activation, catalyst poisoning/deactivation, and atomic diffusion. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Importantly, the non-uniform morphology of CNT forests influences their properties, such as in mechanical compression for example, which was shown to be affected by density gradients. 17 Hence, revealing the process-structure and structure-property relationships requires a comprehensive understanding of the atomic scale physicochemical processes underlying the bottom-up synthesis and selforganization of aligned CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-driven understanding of collective carbon nanotube growth by in situ characterization and nanoscale metrology

Bedewy

2016

J. Mater. Res.

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Aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess great potential for transforming the fabrication of advanced interfacial materials for energy and mass transport as well as for structural composites. Realizing this potential, however, requires building a deeper understanding and exercising greater control on the atomic scale physicochemical processes underlying the bottom-up synthesis and self-organization of CNTs. Hence, in situ nanoscale metrology and characterization techniques were developed for interrogating CNTs as they grow, interact, and self-assemble. This article presents an overview of recent research on characterization of CNT growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), organized into three categories based on the growth stage, for which each technique provides information: (I) catalyst preparation and treatment, (II) catalytic activation and CNT nucleation, and (III) CNT growth and termination. Combining all three categories together provides insights into building the process-structure relationship, and paves the way for producing tailored CNT structures having desired properties for target applications.

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Kinetic critical temperature and optimized chemical vapor deposition growth of carbon nanotubes

Cited by 40 publications

References 42 publications

The dynamics of the nucleation, growth and termination of single-walled carbon nanotubes from in situ Raman spectroscopy during chemical vapor deposition

The dynamics of the nucleation, growth and termination of single-walled carbon nanotubes from in situ Raman spectroscopy during chemical vapor deposition

Distinct termination morphologies for vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests

Data-driven understanding of collective carbon nanotube growth by in situ characterization and nanoscale metrology

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