Kinetic and thermodynamic study of potassium recovery from silicate rocks

Tanvar, Himanshu; Dhawan, Nikhil

doi:10.1080/25726641.2019.1699360

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The species of anions present in the additives have been found to have a significant impact on the potassium extraction efficiency. Based on [47], when using Ca 2+ as a cation, the chloride additive (CaCl 2 ) required the lowest calcination temperature to reach equivalent (or even higher) η K + ; for instance, at 850 • C, the η K + reaches 99% [48]. In contrast, sulfate additives (CaSO 4 ) only resulted in 64% η K + at 1200 • C [41], and carbonate additives resulted in 83% η K + at 1250 • C [39].…”

Section: Comparison Of the Carbonate Sulfate And Chloride Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on K-Feldspar Mineral Processing for Extracting Metallic Potassium as a Fertilizer Resource

Chen,

Zhao,

Huang

et al. 2024

Minerals

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The K-feldspar mineral is an insoluble potassium resource with a high potassium content and the most extensive and abundant reserves. To address the insufficient supply of soluble potassium fertilizers in China, the application of appropriate processing methods to extract potassium from K-feldspar and transform it into a soluble potassium fertilizer is of great significance. To date, various techniques have been developed to extract potassium from K-feldspar and produce a soluble potassium fertilizer. This review summarizes the main methods, i.e., the hydrothermal, high-temperature pyrolysis, microbial decomposition, and low-temperature methods, for potassium extraction from K-feldspar. The mechanisms, efficiencies, impact parameters, and research progress of each potassium extraction method are comprehensively discussed. This study also compares the merits and drawbacks of the individual methods in terms of potassium extraction efficiency and practical operating conditions. The species of additives, reaction temperature, reaction time, particle size of K-feldspar, and dosage of additives significantly affected the potassium extraction efficiency. Moreover, the combination of different methods was very effective in improving the potassium extraction efficiency. This review elaborates the research prospects and potential strategies for the efficient utilization of the K-feldspar mineral as a fertilizer resource.

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Section: Comparison Of the Carbonate Sulfate And Chloride Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on K-Feldspar Mineral Processing for Extracting Metallic Potassium as a Fertilizer Resource

Chen,

Zhao,

Huang

et al. 2024

Minerals

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“…However, access to conventional fertilizers is difficult and expensive especially for African countries where small-scale and family agriculture still occupies a large place [7,8]. Indeed, more than 80% of the world's production of conventional potassium (potash) is provided mainly by five countries (Canada, Belarus, Russia, China, and Germany) [9]. Additionally, conventional fertilizers have a significant environmental footprint due to the huge amount of waste generated during production and the salinity issues caused by their intensive leaching [4,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have paved the way since 1894 by proposing natural rocks as solutions [10]. Recent research focused on the use of K-bearing silicate rocks such as glauconitic sandstone, mica, sericite, ultrapotassic syenite, and phonolite [9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. These K-rich-bearing silicate rocks could serve as "stone foodstuff" because they are composed of minerals containing potassium and other macronutrients-beneficial elements required by plants such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), and iron (Fe).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, this configuration leads to a solid network structure that inhibits potassium availability [15,[19][20][21]. Consequently, to enhance potassium release, the crystal matrix of feldspar must be destroyed or at least altered [9]. Various methods have been proposed from the mechanical process to hydrothermal treatment including bioleaching, chemical leaching, alkali fusion, and roasting [22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alkali-Hydrothermal Treatment of K-Rich Igneous Rocks for Their Direct Use as Potassic Fertilizers

et al. 2021

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Due to the increasing demand for conventional sources of potassium (K) and their inaccessibility by African countries, K-rich igneous rocks are increasingly studied as potential alternative sources. In this study, six potassic igneous rocks (syenites and trachytes) from the Tamazeght, Jbel Boho, Ait Saoun, and El Glo’a regions (Morocco) were sampled and characterized. Then they were hydrothermally treated to enhance their K release for potential use as potassic fertilizers. The raw materials are mainly formed by microcline (up to 74%), orthoclase (20–68%), albite (36–57%), biotite-muscovite (15–23%), and titanite, calcite, hematite, and apatite as accessory minerals. These samples were crushed and milled to reach a particle size <150 µm and mixed with 4 N NaOH solution in an autoclave. The liquid/solid (L/S) ratio was about 44 mL/50 g. The powders were allowed to react with the solution at 170 °C for 7 h. For all tests, NaOH reacted completely with the powders and no liquid was observed after the treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (IRTF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) were carried out on treated samples to characterize the mineralogical and structural changes due to the alkali-hydrothermal treatment. Indeed, the treated samples revealed the presence of sodic neoformed phases such as thermonatrite, sodalite, analcime, and cancrinite. The treated material was leached for a week using deionized water and the elements released were measured using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The hydrothermal process showed a strong effect on structure breakdown as well as on the release of K and other nutrients such as P, Fe, Si, Mg, and Ca. Therefore, the alkali-hydrothermal treatment allowed the release of 50.5 wt% K. Moreover, the release of Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si were significantly increased. Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si release within raw materials was about (0.5–3.6), (3.5–31.4), (0.01–0.4), (0.01–0.3), (20–55), and (4.6–8) mg/kg, respectively, whereas treated samples showed a higher release of these elements. Quantitatively, Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si releases were about (10–11.8), (60–70), (7–20), (1.2–15), (218–1278), and (1119–2759) mg/kg, respectively. Consequently, the treated igneous rocks (syenite and trachyte) could be directly used as potassic fertilizers that would also be a source of other nutrients.

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Preparation and characterization of potassium chloride from the roast-leaching treatment of a Nigerian quartz-rich muscovite ore

Balogun,

Baba,

Ogundepo

et al. 2024

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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Kinetic and thermodynamic study of potassium recovery from silicate rocks

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Review on K-Feldspar Mineral Processing for Extracting Metallic Potassium as a Fertilizer Resource

Review on K-Feldspar Mineral Processing for Extracting Metallic Potassium as a Fertilizer Resource

Alkali-Hydrothermal Treatment of K-Rich Igneous Rocks for Their Direct Use as Potassic Fertilizers

Preparation and characterization of potassium chloride from the roast-leaching treatment of a Nigerian quartz-rich muscovite ore

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