Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluation of effective combined promoters for CO2 hydrate formation

Hassan, Mohd Hafiz Abu; Sher, Farooq; Zarren, Gul; Suleiman, Norhidayah; Tahir, Asif Ali; Snape, Colin E.

doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103313

Cited by 71 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Renewable energy resources do not involve CO2 sequestration 5 . So to tackle CO2 emissions 6 , it was considered preferable to introduce some of the renewable energy resources into an existing energy infrastructure as a "drop-in" form of energy. Examples of this can include the synthesis of fuels or fertilizers from CO2 or biomass 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Al-Juboori

Sher

Khalid

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Due to the heavy reliance of people on the limited fossil fuel as energy resources, global warming has increased to severe levels due to huge CO2 emission into the atmosphere. To mitigate this situation, a green method is presented here for the conversion of CO2/H2O into sustainable hydrocarbon fuels via electrolysis in eutectic molten salts ((KCl-LiCl; 41:59 mol%), (LiOH-NaOH; 27:73 mol%), (KOH-NaOH; 50:50 mol%), (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3; 43.5:31.5:25 mol%)) at the conditions of 1.5-2 V and 225-475 o C depending upon molten electrolyte used. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-MS techniques were employed to analyse the content of gaseous products. The electrolysis results in hydrocarbon production with maximum 59.30, 87.70 and 99% faraday efficiency in case of molten chloride, molten hydroxide and molten carbonate electrolytes under the temperature of 375, 275 and 425 o C 2 respectively. The Gas chromatography (GC) with FID and TCD detectors and GC-MS analysis confirmed that the H2 and CH4 were the main products in case of molten chlorides and hydroxides at 2 V applied voltage while longer hydrocarbons (>C1) were obtained only in molten carbonates at 1.5 V. Through this manner, electricity is transformed into chemical energy. The heating values obtained from the produced hydrocarbon fuels are satisfactory for further application. The practice of molten salts could be a promising and encouraging technology for further fundamental investigation for sustainable hydrocarbon fuel formation with more product concentrations due to its fast-electrolytic conversion rate without the use of catalyst.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Al-Juboori

Sher

Khalid

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…8 The applications and properties of polymeric emulsifiers, as in other materials such as zeolites, and nanocomposites are strongly related to their structure. [9][10][11] One of the relevant application of polyglycerol-esters that has been investigated to produce emulsifiers with different properties varying fatty acids, esterification degree, and the length of fatty acids chain. For instance, Shikhaliev et al 12 studied emulsifying properties of polyglycerol-esters obtained from pentaglycerol and various fatty acids varying esterification degrees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emulsifiers are amphiphilic molecules that contain a hydrophilic ionic or non‐ionic head and a hydrophobic tail and can exist in monomeric or complex polymeric forms 8 . The applications and properties of polymeric emulsifiers, as in other materials such as zeolites, and nanocomposites are strongly related to their structure 9–11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol polymerization degree effect on the emulsifying properties of polyglycerol esters

Díaz-Lasprilla

Mercado

Ramirez-Caballero

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polymeric emulsifiers based on glycerol and oleic acid were developed and their properties evaluated in palm oil and water solutions. Developed polymeric emulsifiers were polyglycerol-esters. Polymerization degree of polyglycerol-esters at different dosages (from 0.2 to 3% w/v) had a significant effect over emulsion stability, water surface tension, droplet size, and viscosity. Polyglycerol-ester with highest polymerization degree behaved more efficiently as emulsifier. A dosage of 0.5% w/v was required to maintain emulsion stability for a half-life period of 872 min (~14.5 h); which, is 5.6 and 3.6-fold longer stability than with the other two polyglycerol-esters developed. When dosage increased to 3% w/v, the emulsion stability also increased to 3792 min (~2.6 days). Nevertheless, surfactants with lower polymerization degree and molecular weight did not behave the same way. Emulsifier with highest polymerization degree reduced water surface tension by 70% and the mean particle diameter decreased when emulsifier polymerization degree increased. For the viscosity parameter, there were two interesting regions: for shear rates up to 1 s −1 the emulsion behaved as Non-Newtonian fluid type Shear-thinning; while, higher shear rates, the viscosity exhibited a Newtonian profile.

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“…The above renewable energy sources do not involve CO2 sequestration through their electricity generation. To tackle CO2 emissions efficiently, biomass could be a predominant source of energy (biofuel) due to its easy accessibility, high compatibility with the engine, and cost-effectiveness than the conventional energy production techniques (geothermal, solar, and wind) [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from CO2 by molten salts electrolysis

Al-Juboori

Sher

Hazafa

et al. 2020

Journal of CO2 Utilization

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The emission of CO2 has been increasing day by day by growing world population, which resulted in the atmospheric and environmental destruction. Conventionally different strategies; including nuclear power and geothermal energy have been adopted to convert atmospheric CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels. However, these methods are very complicated due to large amount of radioactive waste from the reprocessing plant. The present study investigated the effect of various parameters like temperature (200-500 o C), applied voltage (1.5-3.0 V), and feed gas (CO2/H2O) composition of 1, 9.2, and 15.6 in hydrocarbon fuel formation in molten carbonate (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3; 43.5:31.5:25 mol%) and hydroxide (LiOH-NaOH; 27:73 and KOH-NaOH; 50:50 mol%) salts. The GC results reported that CH4 was the predominant hydrocarbon product with a lower CO2/H2O ratio (9.2) at 275 o C under 3 V in molten hydroxide (LiOH-NaOH). The results 2 also showed that by increasing electrolysis temperature from 425 to 500 o C, the number of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon species rose to 7 (C7H16) with a production rate of 1.5 μmol/h cm 2 at CO2/H2O ratio of 9.2. Moreover, the electrolysis to produce hydrocarbons in molten carbonates was more feasible at 1.5 V than 2 V due to the prospective carbon formation. While in molten hydroxide, the CH4 production rate (0.80-20.40 µmol/h cm 2 ) increased by increasing the applied voltage from 2.0-3.0 V despite the reduced current efficiencies (2.30 to 0.05%). The maximum current efficiency (99.5%) was achieved for H2 as a by-product in molten hydroxide (LiOH-NaOH; 27:73 mol%) at 275 o C, under 2 V and CO2/H2O ratio of 1. Resultantly, the practice of molten salts could be a promising and encouraging technology for further fundamental investigation for hydrocarbon fuel formation due to its fast-electrolytic conversion rate and no utilization of catalyst.

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Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluation of effective combined promoters for CO2 hydrate formation

Cited by 71 publications

References 56 publications

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Glycerol polymerization degree effect on the emulsifying properties of polyglycerol esters

The effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from CO2 by molten salts electrolysis

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Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluation of effective combined promoters for CO2 hydrate formation

Cited by 71 publications

References 56 publications

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO2 Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO2 Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Glycerol polymerization degree effect on the emulsifying properties of polyglycerol esters

The effect of variable operating parameters for hydrocarbon fuel formation from CO2 by molten salts electrolysis

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Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts

Electrochemical Production of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO₂ Co-electrolysis in Eutectic Molten Melts