Kinetic and mechanistic study of the quasiliving cationic polymerization of styrene with the 2-phenyl-2-propanol/AlCl3·OBu2 initiating system

Kostjuk, Sergei V.; Dubovik, Alexei Yu.; Vasilenko, Irina V.; Frolov, Alexander N.; Kaputsky, Fyodor N.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.12.011

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The methylene protons are represented by a sharp singlet at 1.2 ppm [20] while the resonance at 3.4-3.7 ppm was assigned to the methine protons adjacent to two aromatic rings; this latter signal is associated with the chain termination reactions, and the chemical shift at 0.8 ppm is due to the end-chain methyl groups [23,28]. Comparison of the poly(Ind-co-ENB) and comonomer 1 H NMR spectra shows that, in the former, there is no chemical shift due to the endocyclic double bond protons in the region from 5.8 to 6.0 ppm although there is a resonance due to the ethylidene proton at 4.8-5.5 ppm [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of hydrocarbon polymers by cationic polymerization and their thermal properties

Brum

Laux

Forte

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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Cationic homo-and co-polymerization of indene (Ind), styrene (St), limonene (Lim), and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) was performed with AlCl 3 in dichloroethane at À20°C under inert N 2 . The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the reaction conditions on the molecular weight of polyindene (PInd) obtained by cationic polymerization with AlCl 3 without an electron donor, and also to determine the effect of the use of cyclic diolefin comonomers on the polymer properties. The polymers were synthesized at a monomer/catalyst molar ratio (MR) of 100; St and Lim showed the highest and lowest reactivity, respectively. The polymers were characterized by 13 C and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. PInd with a number average molecular weight (M n ) of 45 Â 10 3 g/mol and a glass transition temperature (T g ) of 207°C was obtained, whereas only oligomeric polylimonenes were obtained. Cyclic diolefins depressed both the M n and T g values of the Ind-copolymers. There was a dramatic decrease in the M n of the polymers: those obtained at a MR of 1:1 in the feed presented M n values lower than 10 4 g/mol, with the exception of poly(Ind-co-ENB), which is cross-linked. Poly(Ind-co-Lim) with lateral double bonds, a comonomer content of 1 to 20 mol%, and T g values in the range of 140-200°C were obtained.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of hydrocarbon polymers by cationic polymerization and their thermal properties

Brum

Laux

Forte

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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“…The past decade has seen a rapid development and wide application of cationic polymerization for the synthesis of a wide variety of novel materials with potential commercial interest, such as polyisobutylene, polybutenes, butyl rubber (IIR), etc 1–12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cationic polymerization in rotating packed bed reactor: Experimental and modeling

et al. 2009

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On the basis of analysis of key engineering factors predominating in cationic polymerization, butyl rubber (IIR) as an example was synthesized by cationic polymerization in the high-gravity environment generated by a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor. The influence of the rotating speed, packing thickness, and polymerization temperature on the number average molecular weight (M n ) of IIR was studied. The optimum experimental conditions were determined as rotating speed of 1200 r min À1 , packing thickness of 40 mm and polymerization temperature of 173 K, where IIR with M n of 289,000 and unimodal molecular weight distribution of 1.99 was obtained. According to the experimental results and elementary reactions, a model for the prediction of M n was developed, and the validity of the model was confirmed by the fact that most of the predicted M n s agreed well with the experimental data with a deviation within 10%.

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“…2(b)]. In the case of styrene, such effect was attributed to a larger ionization rate of the initiator relative to the polymer chain ends otherwise called rapid monomer consumption (RMC) effect 37, 38. During RMC period, we observed that the M n of polystyrenes did not change with monomer conversion,23 while in the present CPD polymerization, M n gradually increases with increasing monomer conversion even during the initial period of high polymerization rate [see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transapical repair of mitral valve paravalvular leakage using 3‐D transesophageal guidance

Swaans

Post

Berg

2010

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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We report a case where transapical access with real time 3D transesophageal echocardiographic guidance is used for repair of a mitral valve paravalvular leakage. The transapical approach is a new, elegant, and relative safe alternative for repair of a paravalvular defect in high-risk patients. The use of real time 3DTEE for guiding the procedure provides the operator fast and complete information about the leakage, and allowing online monitoring of the procedure.

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Kinetic and mechanistic study of the quasiliving cationic polymerization of styrene with the 2-phenyl-2-propanol/AlCl3·OBu2 initiating system

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Synthesis of hydrocarbon polymers by cationic polymerization and their thermal properties

Synthesis of hydrocarbon polymers by cationic polymerization and their thermal properties

Cationic polymerization in rotating packed bed reactor: Experimental and modeling

Transapical repair of mitral valve paravalvular leakage using 3‐D transesophageal guidance

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