Kinetic and Kinematic Characteristics as the Basis for Evaluating Take-Off in Backward Acrobatic Jumps

Abstract

Introduction. Some of the most important roles of coaches are organising the technical training for evaluating movement technique and indicating errors as gymnasts perform the elements of this movement. This can only be applied in individual gymnasts [2,3], and there are gaps in our knowledge about the details of the technique of individual gymnasts. Therefore, due to the structural complexity of acrobatic elements, the evaluation of a technique should precisely locate errors indicated in specific phases of the exercise. Material and methods. In this paper, the results of the atypical back tucked somersault and counter movement jump of one of the participants are reported on. This participant was a 16-year-old female gymnast with a body mass of 51 kg and a height of 156 cm. While coaches use a subjective qualitative analysis of the sporting movement to determine what advice must be given, a sports biomechanics researcher must make use of objective quantitative data. In our study, we have used the multimodular measuring system SMART when studying the structure of the acrobatic jumps, and we conducted a complex analysis of these exercises. Results. These exercise approaches may be used to achieve important training goals. It seems logical, therefore, that physical educators, coaches, and athletes should look to biomechanics for a scientific basis for the analysis of the individual techniques used in sports. As for practical implications, we recommend that coaches and physical education educators carefully monitor the gymnast's leg joints and avoid extension of the knee and ankle at the counter movement phase during standing acrobatic jumps.

The Structure of Selected Basic Acrobatic Jumps

“…In scientific research on movement techniques of motor skills and in recording and/or the measurement of different features and variables of movement, various accessible biomechanical methods are utilized. In previous studies, we applied a set of methodological research tools to study the structure of movement in the flat bench press (Golas and Krol, 2014;Krol et al, 2010), and acrobatic jumps (Krol et al, 2014(Krol et al, , 2016Krol and Klyszcz-Morciniec, 2017). An understanding of both the internal (muscle activation) and external (kinematic and kinetic) structure of these sport activities was acquired by simultaneous application of several devices, such as: a force plate, electromyography, and cameras.…”

“…Taking into consideration the existing knowledge and its deficiencies, the first aim of this study was to investigate the internal and external structure of basic acrobatic jumps.The second aim was to investigate the relationships that characterize these structures, according to the type of the acrobatic jump (with or without rotation). Based on previous studies (Krol et al, 2014;Krol and Klyszcz-Morciniec, 2017), we hypothesized that: 1) differences in the electro-activity pattern of the same muscles during three defined phases exist between acrobatic jumps with (TS, PS, HS) and without rotation (CMJ), 2) in the take-off phase of the TS, PS and HS the average muscle activity level of the biceps femoris is significantly higher and of the rectus femoris significantly lower compared to the CMJ. Understanding these characteristics could facilitate appropriate technical and physical training for gymnasts performing these simple standing acrobatic jumps.…”

Estudio piloto para el análisis cinemático del mortal estático en gimnastas principiantes y avanzados

“…Los abdominales se contraen para tirar de las piernas y la pelvis sobre la parte superior. Por último se encuentra la fase de contacto con el suelo o aterrizaje (Figura 1-d) en esta fase es en la que usualmente se presenta caídas y se suelen observar frecuentes distensiones de los ligamentos de las rodillas y del tobillo [3]. Las lesiones más comunes en esta acrobacia son: Lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior y posterior (ACL / PCL), tirón de ingle, lesión en el menisco, músculo de la pantorrilla estirado o tenso, espinillas adoloridas, esguinces de tobillo, ruptura del tendón de Aquiles y Calcáneo, fractura de Tibia, fractura de Peroné e incluso lesiones en el cuello y espalda [4].…”