Kinetic and chemical analyses of the biologic significance of lipoteichoic acids in mediating adherence of serotype III group B streptococci

Nealon, T J; Mattingly, S J

doi:10.1128/iai.50.1.107-115.1985

“…*Significantly different from the group of control, untreated UT colonies observed at the same time point (P < 0.05). , 1978;Hummell and Winkelstein, 1986;Lonchampt et al, 1992;Nealon and Mattingly, 1985;Wicken and Knox, 1975). This concentration was high compared to serum levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) (Owen et al, 19921, toxins produced by gram-negative bacteria, and much lower concentrations of LPS have been shown to fuuy activate blood cell types (Simms and D'Amico, 1992).…”

Section: Increasing the Level Of Growth Factors In The Growth Medium mentioning

confidence: 99%

I. A subpopulation of human urothelial cells is stimulated to proliferate by treatment in vitro with lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of Streptococcus faecalis

Elgavish

¹

,

Lloyd

²

,

Reed

³

1996

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Urinary tract infection with gram-positive bacteria is common. Avenues for ingress of bacteria into the bladder include luminal and suburothelial infection. Terminally differentiated superficial urothelial cells lining the lumen of the bladder are often shed in response to infection. In contrast, infection-induced altered function of progenitors of urothelial cells residing in the basal layer of the urothelium is likely to have long lasting effects on the structure and function of the urothelium. The main objective of the present studies was to investigate in vitro the possibility that exposure to lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of the gram-positive Streptococcus faecalis (LT-2), stimulates basal urothelial cells to proliferate. To simulate conditions that restrict proliferation and inhibit terminal differentiation of urothelial cells in the basal layer, secondary cultures of urothelial cells (UT) were grown on collagen or fibronectin coated substrate in medium containing low levels of Ca2+ (0.2 mM) and growth factors (0.005% bovine pituitary extract [BPE]). Under these conditions, UT cultures displayed a highly reproducible colony size distribution, possibly due to the fact that colonies were progeny of basal cells with various proliferative potentials, retained in vitro. In cultures grown under growth-restricting conditions the majority of progenitors appeared to be quiescent, just like stem cells in the basal layer of the urothelium. Thus, the population of large colonies (more than six cells/colony), was small when a steady state of growth was achieved, 3-7 days after seeding. Growth factors (0.005-0.5% BPE) caused a dose-dependent increase in this population of large colonies. Moreover, treatment of UT grown under growth-restricting conditions (0.005% BPE) with LT-2 increased steady-state levels of the population of large colonies to levels obtained in cultures growing under optimal conditions with respect to growth factors. These results indicated that the subpopulation of progenitors, quiescent under normal conditions, could be stimulated to proliferate. Two lines of evidence were consistent with the possibility that treatment with LT-2 stimulated proliferation of the subpopulation of progenitors and that large colonies were the progeny of this subpopulation of single cells: (1) treatment with LT-2 increased the percentage of single cells that incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (i.e., proliferated) in a time-dependent manner. (2) An increase in the percentage of large colonies was found following LT-2-triggered proliferation of single cells. We propose that, under normal conditions, cells produced in response to LT-2-triggered proliferation of stem cells are removed from the system due to an increased rate of differentiation followed by apoptosis. Recurrent infection and inflammation may not allow these processes to proceed effectively, resulting in chronic injury to the bladder. Moreover, under conditions in which stem cells accumulate mutations that incapacitate their progeny to undergo apoptosis, L...

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“…Previous studies have indicated that lipoteichoic acids (LTA) play a major role in the adherence of serotype III strains of group B streptococci (GBS) to human embryonic and fetal epithelial cells (10). An initial binding phase occurred within the first 10 min after the addition of bacteria and appeared to be hydrophobic in nature (11). A secondary phase of binding followed and was shown to be mediated by the glycerolphosphate backbone of the LTA molecule (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An initial binding phase occurred within the first 10 min after the addition of bacteria and appeared to be hydrophobic in nature (11). A secondary phase of binding followed and was shown to be mediated by the glycerolphosphate backbone of the LTA molecule (11). Isolates from infected infants had a much stronger binding avidity for fetal cells than isolates from asymptomatically colonized infants, which was attributed to longer glycerolphosphate chains in isolates from infected infants (-30 to 35 glycerolphosphate units) than in those from asymptomatic infants (10 to 12 glycerolphosphate units) (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A secondary phase of binding followed and was shown to be mediated by the glycerolphosphate backbone of the LTA molecule (11). Isolates from infected infants had a much stronger binding avidity for fetal cells than isolates from asymptomatically colonized infants, which was attributed to longer glycerolphosphate chains in isolates from infected infants (-30 to 35 glycerolphosphate units) than in those from asymptomatic infants (10 to 12 glycerolphosphate units) (11). However, when the fatty acid moieties were compared, there was no difference between the longand short-chain LTA molecules.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolation of LTA and dLTA by DEAE-Sephacel exchange and Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B chromatograph; liminary determination of LTA and deacylated lipote acid (dLTA) was achieved by DEAE-Sephacel ani change chromatography as previously described (9 material was identified by its reaction with monc antibody to poly(glycerolphosphate), kindly provid G. D. Shockman, Temple University School of Me( Philadelphia, Pa., and the 1:1 glycerol-to-phosphate r previously demonstrated (9,11). A second method I separation of LTA and dLTA involved hydrophobic active chromatography (6) and utilized an Octyl-Sep CL-4B column (2.5 by 28 cm) which was eluted with a gradient of 0 to 60% propan-1-ol in 0.02 M sodium a( pH 4.6.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis of the localization of lipoteichoic acid in Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pyogenes

Mattingly

¹

,

Johnston

²

1987

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The cellular locations of deacylated lipoteichoic acid (dLTA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were examined in late-exponential-phase cells of a serotype III strain of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci [GBS]) isolated from an infant with late-onset meningitis and compared with a fresh clinical isolate of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci [GAS]). LTA and dLTA were found to be associated with the protoplast membranes of both organisms, with only dLTA found in mutanolysin cell wall digests. Both organisms released dLTA during growth, but only the GAS released substantial levels of LTA into the culture medium. However, penicillin treatment (5 ,ug/ml for 60 min) of GBS resulted in the recovery of LTA in cell wall digests as well as in the culture medium. These results suggest that under normal growth conditions, the hydrophobic region (glycolipid) of LTA remains associated with the cytoplasmic membrane of GBS and unavailable for hydrophobic interactions at the cell surface with epithelial cells. In contrast, release of LTA into the environment by the GAS allows the fatty acid moieties to interact with hydrophobic domains on the surface of epithelial cells. These results may help explain the marked differences in the specificity of binding between these two major streptococcal pathogens for human fetal and adult epithelial cells.

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I. A subpopulation of human urothelial cells is stimulated to proliferate by treatment in vitro with lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component ofStreptococcus faecalis

Elgavish

¹

,

Lloyd

²

,

Reed

³

1996

J. Cell. Physiol.

10

0

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Urinary tract infection with gram-positive bacteria is common. Avenues for ingress of bacteria into the bladder include luminal and suburothelial infection. Terminally differentiated superficial urothelial cells lining the lumen of the bladder are often shed in response to infection. In contrast, infection-induced altered function of progenitors of urothelial cells residing in the basal layer of the urothelium is likely to have long lasting effects on the structure and function of the urothelium. The main objective of the present studies was to investigate in vitro the possibility that exposure to lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of the gram-positive Streptococcus faecalis (LT-2), stimulates basal urothelial cells to proliferate. To simulate conditions that restrict proliferation and inhibit terminal differentiation of urothelial cells in the basal layer, secondary cultures of urothelial cells (UT) were grown on collagen or fibronectin coated substrate in medium containing low levels of Ca2+ (0.2 mM) and growth factors (0.005% bovine pituitary extract [BPE]). Under these conditions, UT cultures displayed a highly reproducible colony size distribution, possibly due to the fact that colonies were progeny of basal cells with various proliferative potentials, retained in vitro. In cultures grown under growth-restricting conditions the majority of progenitors appeared to be quiescent, just like stem cells in the basal layer of the urothelium. Thus, the population of large colonies (more than six cells/colony), was small when a steady state of growth was achieved, 3-7 days after seeding. Growth factors (0.005-0.5% BPE) caused a dose-dependent increase in this population of large colonies. Moreover, treatment of UT grown under growth-restricting conditions (0.005% BPE) with LT-2 increased steady-state levels of the population of large colonies to levels obtained in cultures growing under optimal conditions with respect to growth factors. These results indicated that the subpopulation of progenitors, quiescent under normal conditions, could be stimulated to proliferate. Two lines of evidence were consistent with the possibility that treatment with LT-2 stimulated proliferation of the subpopulation of progenitors and that large colonies were the progeny of this subpopulation of single cells: (1) treatment with LT-2 increased the percentage of single cells that incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (i.e., proliferated) in a time-dependent manner. (2) An increase in the percentage of large colonies was found following LT-2-triggered proliferation of single cells. We propose that, under normal conditions, cells produced in response to LT-2-triggered proliferation of stem cells are removed from the system due to an increased rate of differentiation followed by apoptosis. Recurrent infection and inflammation may not allow these processes to proceed effectively, resulting in chronic injury to the bladder. Moreover, under conditions in which stem cells accumulate mutations that incapacitate their progeny to undergo apoptosis, L...

show abstract

Kinetic and chemical analyses of the biologic significance of lipoteichoic acids in mediating adherence of serotype III group B streptococci

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

I. A subpopulation of human urothelial cells is stimulated to proliferate by treatment in vitro with lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of Streptococcus faecalis

I. A subpopulation of human urothelial cells is stimulated to proliferate by treatment in vitro with lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of Streptococcus faecalis

Comparative analysis of the localization of lipoteichoic acid in Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pyogenes

I. A subpopulation of human urothelial cells is stimulated to proliferate by treatment in vitro with lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component ofStreptococcus faecalis

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