Kinesin Superfamily Proteins

Hirokawa, Nobutaka; Takemura, Reiko

doi:10.1002/9783527610754.mp01

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, we will provide a brief discussion to serve as background. The motor proteins kinesin and dynein exist to transport biological payloads, such as proteins, organelles, and vesicles, along microtubule pathways, and provide forces to drive motion of flagellar structures and cilia [5]. Active transport by kinesin and dynein provides a faster and more efficient mode of intracellular transport than diffusion.…”

Section: Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kinesin superfamily (KIF) is comprised of fourteen large families [5]. To be considered part of the superfamily group, a motor protein must have a particular motor domain.…”

Section: Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the understanding of the evolutionary relation of each KIF family is improved, a new classification nomenclature is now used to distinguish the fourteen large families. This nomenclature is simply Kinesin-1 to Kinesin-14, and while they may have different structures, they are unified by their motor domain [5].…”

Section: Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the nomenclature, these can be differentiated as Nkinesin, C-kinesin, and M-kinesin, respectively. Functionally, the primary difference is the direction of motion, where N-kinesin and M-kinesin are plus-end directed while C-kinesin are minusend directed [5].…”

Section: Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinesin and Dynein Mechanics: Measurement Methods and Research Applications

Abraham

Hawley

Hayosh

et al. 2018

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Motor proteins play critical roles in the normal function of cells and proper development of organisms. Among motor proteins, failings in the normal function of two types of proteins, kinesin and dynein, have been shown to lead many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. As such, it is critical to researchers to understand the underlying mechanics and behaviors of these proteins, not only to shed light on how failures may lead to disease, but also to guide research toward novel treatment and nano-engineering solutions. To this end, many experimental techniques have been developed to measure the force and motility capabilities of these proteins. This review will (a) discuss such techniques, specifically microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical trapping, and magnetic tweezers, and (b) the resulting nanomechanical properties of motor protein functions such as stalling force, velocity, and dependence on adenosine triphosophate (ATP) concentrations will be comparatively discussed. Additionally, this review will highlight the clinical importance of these proteins. Furthermore, as the understanding of the structure and function of motor proteins improves, novel applications are emerging in the field. Specifically, researchers have begun to modify the structure of existing proteins, thereby engineering novel elements to alter and improve native motor protein function, or even allow the motor proteins to perform entirely new tasks as parts of nanomachines. Kinesin and dynein are vital elements for the proper function of cells. While many exciting experiments have shed light on their function, mechanics, and applications, additional research is needed to completely understand their behavior.

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Section: Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kinesin superfamily (KIF) is comprised of fourteen large families [5]. To be considered part of the superfamily group, a motor protein must have a particular motor domain.…”

Section: Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Kinesin and Dynein Mechanics: Measurement Methods and Research Applications

Abraham

Hawley

Hayosh

et al. 2018

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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show abstract

“…Consequently, lower DNAme levels to TGFBI in the demyelinated hippocampus of MS patients might occur in order to counteract the deleterious effect associated with the activation of microglia (Kim and Lee, 2011). Kinesins (KIFs), a family of motor proteins mainly expressed in neurons, immune cells, and oligodendrocytes, are involved in the trafficking of vesicles, organelles, and proteins through the cytoskeleton (Hirokawa and Takemura, 2013). An overexpression of KIF improves axonal transport, while its downregulation leads to neurodegeneration and CNS atrophy (Lo Giudice et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation Contribute to the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis

Celarain

Tomàs-Roig

2019

Front. Genet.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by loss of coordination, weakness, dysfunctions in bladder capacity, bowel movement, and cognitive impairment. Thus, the disease leads to a significant socioeconomic burden. In the pathophysiology of the disease, both genetic and environmental risk factors are involved. Gene x environment interaction is modulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics refers to a sophisticated system that regulates gene expression with no changes in the DNA sequence. The most studied epigenetic mechanism is the DNA methylation. In this review, we summarize the data available from the current literature by grouping sets of differentially methylated genes in distinct biological categories: the immune system including innate and adaptive response, the DNA damage, and the central nervous system.

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Kinesin Superfamily Proteins

Abstract: Originally published in: Molecular Motors. Edited by Manfred Schliwa. Copyright © 2003 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3‐527‐30594‐0 The sections in this article are Introduction The Kinesin Superfamily Proteins N‐Kinesins N ‐1 Kinesins N … Show more

Cited by 2 publications

References 199 publications

Kinesin and Dynein Mechanics: Measurement Methods and Research Applications

Kinesin and Dynein Mechanics: Measurement Methods and Research Applications

Changes in Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation Contribute to the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis

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