Kinematics of the Spine During Sit-to-Stand Movement Using Motion Analysis Systems: A Systematic Review of Literature

Abstract

Context: Clinical evaluation of the spine is commonplace in musculoskeletal therapies, such as physiotherapy, physical medicine/rehabilitation, osteopathic, and chiropractic clinics. Sit-to-stand (STS) is one of the most mechanically demanding daily activities and crucial to independence. Difficulty or inability to perform STS is common in individuals with a variety of motor disabilities, such as low back pain (LBP). Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate available evidence in literature to determine 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional kinematics of the spine during STS in patients with LBP and healthy young adult participants using motion analysis systems (electromagnetic and marker based). Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE [National Library of Medicine], Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) were searched between January 2002 and February 2017. Additionally, the reference lists of the articles that met the inclusion criteria were also searched. Prospective studies published in peer-reviewed journals, with full text available in English, investigating the kinematics of the spine during STS in healthy subjects (mean age between 18 and 50 y) or in patients with LBP using motion analysis systems, were included. Sixteen studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. All information relating to methodology and kinematic modeling of the spine segments along with the outcome measures was extracted from the studies identified for synthesis. Results: The results indicated that the kinematics of the spine are greatly changed in patients with LBP. In order to develop a better understanding of spine kinematics, studies recommended that the trunk should be analyzed as a multisegment. It has been shown that there is no difference between the kinematics of patients with LBP and healthy population when the spine is analyzed as a single segment. Furthermore, between-gender differences are present during STS movement. Conclusion: This review provided a valuable summary of the research to date examining the kinematics of the spine during STS.

ISSLS PRIZE IN BIOENGINEERING SCIENCE 2019: biomechanical changes in dynamic sagittal balance and lower limb compensatory strategies following realignment surgery in adult spinal deformity patients

“…STS is often employed as a clinically meaningful functional task for spine patients. Other studies that have assessed STS on spine function primarily focus on its relevance as functional test for low back pain patients [ 17 – 22 ] and often include a different form of the test (e.g., 5-time STS [ 22 , 23 ]). In studies that have assessed sagittal plane mechanics of STS in low back pain patients, most only distinguish degrees of motion at the trunk, hip, and knee and are limited with a cross-sectional study design.…”

Changes in the macroscopic morphology of hip muscles in low back pain

“…acted as arbitrator. Studies were screened for selection according to the review objectives and Participants, Diagnosis, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design criteria (Pourahmadi et al 2019):…”

Reliability and minimal detectable change of the ‘Imperial Spine’ marker set for the evaluation of spinal and lower limb kinematics in adults

“…Although a pragmatic sample size was used in this study [ 13 ], reflecting that of previous reliability trials [ 1 , 5 , 30 ], the authors recognise that an increased sample size would have further enhanced reliability and MDC outcomes. Participants were examined by each tester following a 45 min rest period, which could also be considered a limitation.…”