Kinematic repeatability of a multi-segment foot model for dance

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the intra and inter-assessor repeatability of a modified Rizzoli Foot Model for analysing the foot kinematics of ballet dancers. Six university-level ballet dancers performed the movements; parallel stance, turnout plié, turnout stance, turnout rise and flex-point-flex. The three-dimensional (3D) position of individual reflective markers and marker triads was used to model the movement of the dancers' tibia, entire foot, hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot and hallux. Intra and inter-assessor reliability demonstrated excellent (ICC ≥ 0.75) repeatability for the first metatarsophalangeal joint in the sagittal plane. Intra-assessor reliability demonstrated excellent (ICC ≥ 0.75) repeatability during flex-point-flex across all inter-segmental angles except for the tibia-hindfoot and hindfoot-midfoot frontal planes. Inter-assessor repeatability ranged from poor to excellent (0.5 > ICC ≥ 0.75) for the 3D segment rotations. The most repeatable measure was the tibia-foot dorsiflexion/plantar flexion articulation whereas the least repeatable measure was the hindfoot-midfoot adduction/abduction articulation. The variation found in the inter-assessor results is likely due to inconsistencies in marker placement. This 3D dance specific multi-segment foot model provides insight into which kinematic measures can be reliably used to ascertain in vivo technical errors and/or biomechanical abnormalities in a dancer's foot motion.

Biomechanic of ballroom dance: corporate adaptations with different footwear

“…Also, the dancers wore their own shoes, which reduces possible variations related to familiarization. Carter et al (2018) 16 verified intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.70 during the execution of a ballet sequence for the metatarsophalangeal joint in the sagittal plane and at all inter-segmental angles, except for the frontal planes of the tibiahindfoot and of the hindfoot-midfoot. On the other hand, the inter-rater repeatability in Carter's study varied from weak to excellent for the 3D segment rotations attributed to inconsistencies in the positioning of markers performed by two different researchers.…”

Sensing Technology for Assessing Motor Behavior in Ballet: A Systematic Review

“…Regarding the category of dance, most of the selected studies are in the classical ballet field [20-22, 24, 25, 28, 30-33, 35-41, 44-49, 51, 52, 54, 56-64, 66-69, 71, 74-77, 79-87, 90-95], although contemporary and modern dance became more popular recently [17,19,23,26,27,29,34,42,43,50,53,55,65,70,72,73,78,88,89,96], probably because those categories of dance are offered in the curriculum of several colleges, since 22 out of 80 studies in this systematic review described participants as college dancers. Those participants were regarded as pre-professionals.…”

Applications of Biomechanical Foot Models to Evaluate Dance Movements Using Three-Dimensional Motion Capture: A Review of the Literature

“…63 Fifteen of the 25 studies utilized single-segment foot models, 7,25,26,[39][40][41][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] four studies applied a two-segment foot model, 37,48,49,82 and six studies incorporated a multi-segment foot model. 5,11,28,29,35,83 Three studies did not report the specific number of foot segments and only reported one set of data for the foot and ankle. Therefore, they were included in the single-segment foot model group.…”

“…Numerous authors have described the kinetic (e.g., joint moments) and kinematic (e.g., joint ROM) factors of various lower extremity joints (hip, knee, ankle, and foot) during dance movement. 4,9,11,25,27,30,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] Several studies examined the extreme ankle DF ROM in plié positions and PF ROM in demi-pointe and en pointe relevé. 1,4,6,9,23,[37][38][39]48 However, two primary discrepancies arise in the literature: 1. the amount of ROM that is required in the midfoot and forefoot (e.g., first metatarsophalangeal [MTP] joint) in these positions, 35,48,52,53 and 2.…”