Kinematic Parameters to Evaluate Functional Performance of Sit-to-Stand and Stand-to-Sit Transitions Using Motion Sensor Devices: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Clinicians commonly use questionnaires and tests based on daily life activities to evaluate physical function. However, the outcomes are usually more qualitative than quantitative and subtle differences are not detectable. In this review, we aim to assess the role of body motion sensors in physical performance evaluation, especially for the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions. In total, 53 full papers and conference abstracts on related topics were included and 16 different parameters related to transition performance were identified as potentially meaningful to explain certain disabilities and impairments. Transition duration is the most used to evaluate chair-related tests in real clinical settings. High-fall-risk fallers and frail subjects presented longer and more variable transition duration. Other kinematic parameters have also been highlighted in the literature as potential means to detect age-related impairments. In particular, vertical linear velocity and trunk tilt range were able to differentiate between different frailty levels. Frequency domain measures such as spectral edge frequency were also higher for elderly fallers. Lastly, approximate entropy values were larger for subjects with Parkinson's disease and were significantly reduced after treatment. This information could help clinicians in their evaluations as well as in prescribing a physical fitness program to correct a specific deficit.

Toward Automating Clinical Assessments: A Survey of the Timed Up and Go

“…Several of the TUG studies included individual analysis of each component because each of these subtasks can be viewed as standalone activities. For example, in regards to chair transfers, Millor et al [93] recently published a review of sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements instrumented with motions sensors. Furthermore, linear walking has been studied comprehensively in the literature [94], [95].…”

Assessment of frailty: a survey of quantitative and clinical methods

“…In addition, data from two or more sensors can be integrated to form more composite patterns to distinguish frailty levels. The Si-St and St-Si are frequently used in clinical tests to assess the functionality of lower extremities for risk of fall assessment [73,74]. The variations of these tests such as 30 s, Si-St and five times Si-St tests are also commonly deployed at clinics by geriatricians.…”

Methodology for automatic movement cycle extraction using Switching Linear Dynamic System

“…This type of description -usually presented as a movement cycle diagram-facilitates the collection of normative data for each motion type across different populations. The standardized features and normative data are used to monitor a patient's progress and investigate the effects of trauma or diseases in motor function capability [1], [2], [3].…”

“…Automatic human motion tracking systems proliferated in the last decades. From the gold standard multi-infraredcamera systems to the low cost portable systems, such as the Microsoft Kinect or inertial sensors, obtaining precise kinematic human data today is affordable and widespread [3], [4]. However, the post-processing techniques for automatic spatiotemporal feature extraction from kinematic data are still emerging.…”

“…Regarding problem of pinpointing events in a known movement type the few current solutions are specifically designed for each application: they depend on the type of sensor, on the motion executed, and/or ignore standard biomechanics descriptions [3], [7]. These approaches limit the use of normative data and results from previous studies to assess the quality of the motion.…”