Kinematic modeling of folding above listric propagating thrusts

Cardozo, Néstor; Brandenburg, J. P.

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2013.12.004

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This thinning is due to a reduction in the accommodation space available for sediment deposition and/or elevated rates of erosion above the growing fold [ Burbank et al ., ; Burbank and Anderson , ; Suppe et al ., ; Suppe , ]. Previous authors have demonstrated the possibility of reconstructing fold growth kinematics using the geometry of growth strata [ Cardozo and Brandenburg , ; Suppe et al ., ; Vergés et al ., ]. We are interested in determining the onset of fault‐related folding to constrain MTFS timing.…”

Section: Timing Of Wedge‐front Fault Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal distribution of deformation at the front of the Andean orogenic wedge in southern Bolivia

et al. 2015

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New observations from an active orogenic wedge help link the seismotectonic behavior of individual faults to wedge deformation rates and patterns over multiple timescales. We provide the first detailed constraints on the distribution and timing of deformation at the front of the Andean orogenic wedge in southern Bolivia, where a recent study suggests that great (M w > 8) earthquakes could rupture the master fault underlying the wedge. We use stratigraphic relationships across fault-related folds and elastic dislocation modeling of seismic reflection horizons to obtain probabilistic estimates of wedge-front fault ages and slip rates. Our analyses reveal that at least half of the previously determined GPS-based wedge-loading and Quaternary whole-wedge shortening rates are absorbed across a 20-40 km wide wedge-front zone consisting of 1-4 en echelon and partially to fully overlapping faults and folds associated with blind thrust faults. The difference between our slip rates and the geodetic/geologic observations combined with evidence for activity across internal wedge structures supports the notion that nonsteady state mass balance conditions coupled with elevated erosional efficiency result in distributed wedge deformation. The orogenic wedge in southern Bolivia behaves in a similar fashion to the Taiwanese and Himalayan ranges; slip accumulates at downdip locations along the master fault and is released incrementally by earthquakes that rupture the wedge-front fault zone. The faults and folds comprising this zone pose a major source of seismic hazard. Accumulating slip is also released in the wedge interior and older, internal wedge faults must be considered in any future assessment of regional earthquake risk.

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Section: Timing Of Wedge‐front Fault Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal distribution of deformation at the front of the Andean orogenic wedge in southern Bolivia

et al. 2015

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“…Previous studies using the FMD method modeled the underlying fault of Amenthes Rupes, as well as other lobate scarps in Mars, as a rectangular planar fault (Egea‐González et al, ; Herrero‐Gil et al, ; Grott et al, ; Ruiz et al, ; Schultz & Watters, ), because this method does not provide results as good as when the model is made using non‐planar morphologies (Schultz & Watters, ; Watters & Nimmo, ). A positive listric fault morphology was obtained by Mueller et al, (2014) for Amenthes Rupes and by Herrero‐Gil et al, (2020) for Ogygis Rupes and its backthrusts, based on the relation between the fault propagation anticline topography and the fault plane characteristics (e.g., Amos et al, ; Cardozo & Brandemburg, 2014; Ellis et al, ; Erslev, ; Seeber & Sorlien, ). On the contrary, a planar fault morphology that keeps its dip constant until the horizontal decollement would generate a backlimb with the same dip as the fault and abrupt limits (e.g., Amos et al, ; Brandemburg, 2013; Hardy & Ford, ), which is not the case for any of the studied faults (Figure S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Lithospheric Contraction on Mars: A 3D Model of the Amenthes Thrust Fault System

2020

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Amenthes Rupes is the topographic expression of a main fault belonging to a thrust fault system located parallel to the martian dichotomy boundary. A 3D forward model has been applied to the Amenthes thrust fault system, constraining fault geometries at depth, variations of slip along strike, and structural parameters controlling the formation of fault propagation folds. Our results provide a complex 3D view of the tectonic framework of the area, with implications for tectonic evolution, regional shortening distribution, and the main mechanical discontinuities in the lithosphere. The modeled fault surfaces show planar morphologies combined with listric geometries at depth. The obtained depths of faulting for the major faults of this fault system suggest a depth of the brittle‐ductile transition (at the time of formation) of 20–24 km, somewhat shallower than previous estimates for this area. A possible mechanical discontinuity located at 10.5–13 km deep can be deduced from the faulting depths of the secondary faults. The listric geometries at depth imply that slip is transmitted from the decollement, which, together with the inclusion in the model of secondary and subsidiary faults, allow us to estimate the horizontal shortening recorded in this area ranging from 2–3 km up to ~5.5 km in the southeastern part of the fault system. This range increases the previous shortening estimates in this area between ~60% and ~200%. Consequently, global shortening estimates based on global fault maps are biased by the detail of mapping, and shortening would substantially increase if secondary faults were included.

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“…Allmendinger (1998); Cardozo and Aanonsen (2009) and Cardozo and Brandenburg (2014) find the best set of parameters for trishear algorithms using numerical optimization. Similarly, the kinematic parameters of our operator are chosen by Particle Swarm Optimization (Eberhart and Kennedy, 1995), a derivative-free optimization method.…”

Section: Modeling Workflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The displacement magnitude is controlled by a given maximum slip length and three parametric profiles. Instead of manually adjusting the parameters of the fault operator, we use numerical optimization to match available horizon data as in Allmendinger (1998);Cardozo and Aanonsen (2009);Cardozo et al (2011) and Cardozo and Brandenburg (2014). Our fault operator is thus consistent with fault geometries, horizon observations and theoretical displacement models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A parametric fault displacement model to introduce kinematic control into modeling faults from sparse data

et al. 2018

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Fault-related displacements impact oil and gas flow predictions at reservoir scales. In this contribution, we integrate a quantitative description of fault-related deformation directly embedded into the structural modeling workflow. Consistent fault displacements are produced by using numerical fault operators that deform horizons in accordance with theoretical isolated fault displacement models to generate kinematically consistent structural models.We compare structural modeling approaches based on such fault operators with those relying on interpolation. Several synthetic cross-sections are generated from a reference high-resolution structural model of the Santos Basin, Brazil. Models are reconstructed from this 2D synthetic sparse dataset using both methods. Their ability to produce consistent structural models is assessed by comparing reconstructed and reference models. On this example, kinematic modeling improves the quality of automatically generated models when only few and poor quality observations are available, thus reducing the time needed for structural validation.

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Kinematic modeling of folding above listric propagating thrusts

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Spatial and temporal distribution of deformation at the front of the Andean orogenic wedge in southern Bolivia

Spatial and temporal distribution of deformation at the front of the Andean orogenic wedge in southern Bolivia

Lithospheric Contraction on Mars: A 3D Model of the Amenthes Thrust Fault System

A parametric fault displacement model to introduce kinematic control into modeling faults from sparse data

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