Kinematic evolution of the Romanian Carpathians

Linzer, Hans‐Gert; Frisch, Wolfgang; Zweigel, Peter; Gîrbacea, Radu; Hann, Horst Peter; Moser, Franz

doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(98)00166-8

Cited by 106 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Most models assume that the current geodynamic situation is the result of subduction, probably of oceanic character (e.g. Linzer et al, 1998). Other models assume that slab detachment, initiated at 16 Ma in the area of the Western Carpathians, had migrated towards the SE, allowing movement of the intra-Carpathian blocks into the Carpathian embayment (Nemčok et al, 1998;Wortel and Spakman, 2000), potentially associated with tearing of previously subducted slab fragments (Sperner et al 2001).…”

Section: Tectonic Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic significance of changes in post-subduction Pliocene–Quaternary magmatism in the south east part of the Carpathian–Pannonian Region

et al. 2011

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The south-eastern part of the Carpathian-Pannonian region records the cessation of convergence between the European platform/ Moesia and the Tisza-Dacia microplate. Magmatic activity in this area, in close proximity to the 'Vrancea zone', shows a shift from normal calc-alkaline to much more diverse compositions (adakite-like calc-alkaline, K24 alkalic, mafic Na-alkaline and ultrapotassic) in the Pliocene-Quaternary, suggesting a significant change in geodynamic processes at approximately 3 Ma. We review the tectonic setting, timing, petrology and geochemistry of the post-collisional volcanism to constrain the role of geodynamics on melt production and migration. The calc-alkaline volcanism (5.3-3.9 Ma) marks the end of normal subduction-related magmatism along the post-collision Călimani-Gurghiu-Harghita volcanic chain in front of the European convergent plate margin. At ca. 3 Ma magma compositions changed in South Harghita to adakite-like calc-alkaline and continued until recent times (< 0.03 Ma) interrupted at 1.6-1.2 Ma by generation of Na and K alkalic varieties, signifying changes in the source and melting mechanism. We attribute the progressive change in magma composition in front of the Moesian platform to two main geodynamic events: (1) slab-pull and steepening with opening of a tear window (adakite-like calc-alkaline magmas) and (2) inversion tectonics (Na and K alkalic magmas). Contemporaneous post-collision volcanism at the eastern edge of the Pannonian Basin at 2.6-1.3 Ma was dominated by Na alkalic and ultrapotassic magmas, suggesting a close relationship with thermal rifting and inversion tectonics. Similar timing, magma chamber processes and volume for K-alkalic (shoshonitic) magmas in the South Apuseni Mountains (1.6 Ma) and South Harghita area at a distance of ca. 200 km imply a regional connection with the inversion tectonics. Key words: Post-collisional slab mechanics, calc-alkaline, adakite-like, Na-alkalic, K-alkalic and ultrapotassic magmas. IntroductionPost-collision magmatism at convergent plate boundaries is very complex and is usually characterized by the presence of adakite-like and/or alkaline magmas, e.g. in the Mediterranean (Duggen et al., 2005), Tibet (Turner et al., 1996;Mo et al., 2006) and Baja California (Negrete-Aranda and Cañon-Tapia, 2008). The existence of such magmas may be associated with the post-collisional evolution of inherited slabs. A typical Africa-European collision zone includes a subduction stage characterized by roll-back associated with extensional back-arc volcanism in highly arcuate orogenic settings (Faccenna et al., 2004;Harangi et al., 2006). The SE Carpathians is a region where the post-collisional stage of a highly arcuate orogen is associated with unusual volcanism, where the final stage of roll-back of the slab can be seen in the high-velocity intermediate-depth mantle anomaly detected by seismic tomography studies (e.g., Martin et al., 2006), associated with the Vrancea seismic zone (e.g., Oncescu and Bonjer, 1997). After the collision at 11...

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Section: Tectonic Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic significance of changes in post-subduction Pliocene–Quaternary magmatism in the south east part of the Carpathian–Pannonian Region

et al. 2011

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“…1). The complex shape of the doublelooped orogenic wedge was achieved during collision and block movements along orogen-parallel strike-slip systems including large-angle block rotations in the Tertiary (Pavelescu and Nitu 1977;Ratschbacher et al 1993;Csontos 1995;Linzer et al 1998;Zweigel 1998). The internal structure of the Southern Carpathians is characterized by a nappe stack, which is subdivided into three groups, i.e.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhumation and relief history of the Southern Carpathians (Romania) as evaluated from apatite fission track chronology in crystalline basement and intramontane sedimentary rocks

Moser

Hann

Dunkl

et al. 2005

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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The combination of apatite fission track (FT) thermochronology from basement units and the FT age distributions of apatites in the Miocene intramontane sedimentary rocks allows describing the exhumation history of the central segment of the Southern Carpathians, Romania. Exhumation and cooling from the total track annealing temperature (>120°C) of the Cozia and Cibin massifs occurred in the Palaeocene-Early Eocene. Between the Eocene and Middle Miocene, there was a stagnation period concerning vertical displacement; the presently exposed part of the basement was buried in shallow depth. The present crests of the Cozia and Cibin Mountains were at temperatures around 80°C and 50°C, respectively. The second exhumation period occurred in Middle Miocene times. The magnitude of the Miocene vertical displacement is on the order of the present-day relief. The vertical apatite FT age distribution in the basement and the age clusters in the sedimentary rocks prove that the levels of the crests were already close to the surface in Palaeogene times. Therefore, the post-Palaeocene erosional removal from the crest zones is very limited.

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“…Royden et al, 1982;Balla, 1984) and finally led to the model of lateral extrusion of the Alcapa microplate from the Alpine collision zone (Ratchbacher et al, 1991a, b) and to an integrated model of Carpatho-Pannonian region evolution applying principles of subduction rollback, back-arc diapiric uprise of asthenospheric mantle, and lateral extrusion of lithosphere assisted by transform faults (Royden, 1988(Royden, , 1993bCsontos et al, 1991Csontos et al, , 1992Horváth, 1993;Kováč et al, 1994Linzer et al, 1998). This comprehensive model was strongly supported by results of paleomagnetic measurements indicating large scale rotations of microplates (Balla, 1987;Panaiotu, 1998) and by the extent of shortening in the Carpathian flysch basins during their transformation into an accretionary prism (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neogene evolution of the Carpatho-Pannonian region: an interplay of subduction and back-arc diapiric uprise in the mantle

Konečný¹,

Kováč²,

Lexa³

et al. 2002

Stephan Mueller Spec. Publ. Ser.

104

123

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Abstract. Geodynamic evolution of the Carpathian arc and Pannonian basin during the Neogene times is presented as a set of palinspastic reconstructions. The structural evolution is modeled in terms of a coupled system of: (1) Alpine (Atype) subduction and compressive orogene belt development owing to compression by the Adriatic microplate, (2) lateral extrusion of Alcapa lithosphere from the Alpine collision assisted by transform faults, (3) Carpathian gravity driven (Btype) subduction of oceanic or suboceanic lithosphere underlying former flysch basins and (4) back arc extension associated with the diapiric uprise of asthenospheric mantle.The variable timing of accretionary prism and back arc basin evolution in the Western Carpathians, the NW part of the Eastern Carpathians, and the SE part of the Eastern Carpathians confirms that the final Tertiary evolution of the Carpathian arc and Pannonian basin was not a uniform process. Rather, it took place successively in three segments, reflecting gravity driven subductions compensated by return asthenospheric flows (involving the back-arc diapiric uprise of asthenospheric mantle). The observed low subduction rate implies obstacles to the compensating asthenosphere flow, perhaps represented by confining thick lithosphere at the NW and SE sides of the arc. This segmentation may arise from a gravity driven process allowing asthenospheric side flow to take place speeding up the gravity driven overturn (subduction). Structural evolution as well as the timing and spatial distribution of the arc-type (subduction-related) andesite volcanics suggests that subduction halted because the subducting plate became nearly vertical, followed closely by the detachment of the sinking lithosphere slab from the continental margin. Late stage alkali basalt volcanic rocks imply that during the final stage of back arc basin evolution the related diapiric uprise of asthenospheric mantle incorporated unmetasomatized mantle material, brought possibly into the area of the diapiric uprise by compensating athenosheric mantle counterflows.Correspondence to: J. Lexa (lexa@gssr.sk)

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Kinematic evolution of the Romanian Carpathians

Cited by 106 publications

References 34 publications

Tectonic significance of changes in post-subduction Pliocene–Quaternary magmatism in the south east part of the Carpathian–Pannonian Region

Tectonic significance of changes in post-subduction Pliocene–Quaternary magmatism in the south east part of the Carpathian–Pannonian Region

Exhumation and relief history of the Southern Carpathians (Romania) as evaluated from apatite fission track chronology in crystalline basement and intramontane sedimentary rocks

Neogene evolution of the Carpatho-Pannonian region: an interplay of subduction and back-arc diapiric uprise in the mantle

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