Kinematic and kinetic comparison between American and Japanese collegiate pitchers

Dowling, Brittany; Laughlin, Walter A.; Gurchiek, Reed D.; Owen, Caitlin P; Luera, Micheal J.; Hansen, Benjamin R; Fleisig, Glenn S.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.013

Cited by 31 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Otherwise, the forward acceleration of bodies of TF pitchers could be maintained through pivot–hip extension and pivot–knee extension after the stride leg has contacted the ground, where the stable stride leg is used to brace the body. This kind of stride pattern of TF pitchers in pivot leg was similar to that of the American pitchers (Dowling et al, 2017 ; Oi et al, 2019 ). It was worth noting that the DD pitchers adduct their pivot–hip faster near SFC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Japanese pitchers can generate greater momentum by hip external rotation, hip abduction, hip extension, and knee extension in the pivot leg for accelerating the body forward (Kageyama et al, 2014). Therefore, the stride pattern of DD pitchers in pivot leg was similar to that of the Japanese pitchers (Dowling et al, 2017;Oi et al, 2019). Otherwise, the forward acceleration of bodies of TF pitchers could be maintained through pivot-hip extension and pivot-knee extension after the stride leg has contacted the ground, where the stable stride leg is used to brace the body.…”

Section: The Mechanism Of the Kinematic Differences Among Three Stride Types In Pivot Legmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This is especially true in Asian countries (including Korea and Japan) and countries in the Americas, which has led to different pitching movements being observed in these countries (Escamilla et al, 2002 ; Oi et al, 2019 ). Several studies have focused on the different pitching mechanics among various countries (Escamilla et al, 2001 , 2002 ; Dowling et al, 2017 ; Oi et al, 2019 ), especially the pitching performances and biomechanics of American and Japanese pitchers. The previous research stated that Japanese and American coaches instruct different pitching movements for the lower body (Oi et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stride Pattern of the Lower Extremities Among Stride Types in Baseball Pitching

Chen

Tang

Kung

et al. 2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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The present study investigated the differences in the stride pattern of the lower extremities among different stride types in baseball pitchers with the aim of evaluating stride movement and skills to improve training effectiveness. Thirty elite male college baseball pitchers volunteered to pitch on an indoor-mound-like force plate, where motion data of their fastest strike trials were collected using an eight-camera motion analysis system at a 200–250 Hz sampling rate. Pelvis center trajectories of each participant were calculated and further categorized into three groups: tall-and-fall (TF), dip-and-drive (DD), and mixed (MX) pitchers. Motion analysis revealed that DD pitchers initiated pivot–knee extension and pivot–hip adduction earlier than TF pitchers and accelerated their bodies sooner than TF pitchers. In addition, TF pitchers accelerated their bodies forward by pivoting their legs until the middle of the arm-cocking and acceleration phases. The movement patterns of MX pitchers were similar to those of DD pitchers in terms of pivot leg, although this occurred a little later in the stride. Our findings are useful in developing training strategies for coaches, players, and trainers to better meet the demands of different pitching styles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: The Mechanism Of the Kinematic Differences Among Three Stride Types In Pivot Legmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stride Pattern of the Lower Extremities Among Stride Types in Baseball Pitching

Chen

Tang

Kung

et al. 2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…31 Japanese pitchers are taught that after lifting the lead knee, they should lower their center of mass and stride out, moving the trunk forward toward the lead foot. 9 Japanese pitchers are taught to keep their front knee flexed during ball release. 26…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Differences Between Japanese and American Professional Baseball Pitchers

Yoshiya

Slowik

et al. 2019

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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fessional baseball pitchers were collected by use of a 3-dimensional, automated, high-speed optical motion capture system. Anthropometric, kinetic, and kinematic data for both groups were compared by use of t tests (P < .05).Results: American pitchers were taller and heavier and generated greater ball velocity (38.1 ± 1.6 vs 34.7 ± 1.1 m/s; P < .001) than their Japanese counterparts. Most elbow and shoulder kinetic parameters, including elbow varus torque (99 ± 17 vs 86 ± 17 NÁm; P ¼ .018), were greater for American pitchers. However, when normalized by bodyweight and height, shoulder horizontal adduction torque was greater for Japanese pitchers (6.8% ± 1.0% vs 5.8% ± 1.1%; P ¼ .005). Japanese pitchers had longer stride (86% ± 5% vs 82% ± 6% of height; P ¼ .023), greater shoulder abduction at ball release (101 ± 8 vs 94 ± 9 ; P ¼ .014), and greater knee flexion after ball release (39 ± 18 vs 28 ± 14 ; P ¼ .039). Japanese pitchers also demonstrated greater shoulder internal rotation velocity, elbow flexion, and elbow extension velocity.Conclusion: Greater elbow varus torque may predispose American pitchers to greater risk of elbow injury. Japanese pitchers may have increased risk of shoulder injury due to greater normalized horizontal adduction torque and greater abduction angle. Japanese pitchers may be able to reduce their shoulder torque and risk of injury by shortening their stride, reducing their lead knee flexion, and decreasing their throwing arm abduction.Clinical Relevance: Understanding anthropometric, kinetic, and kinematic differences between pitchers from the 2 countries may be of value to clinicians and coaches working to maximize performance of the pitchers while minimizing the risk of injury.

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“…Kinematic parameters were estimated from motion capture data averaged for each pitcher. Many of these variables have previously been utilized in analyses of pitching motion [10,18]. Stride length in particular, was normalized by pitcher body height.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic Models For Pitch Location Metrics in Professional Baseball Pitchers

Manzi¹,

Dowling²,

Spencer³

et al. 2021

Arch Sports Med

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Prior studies limit their evaluations to the distal extremity, without considering the entirety of the pitching motion or the position of the pitcher relative to the intended target. In other over arm throwing sports such as cricket, in accurate pitches were noted to significantly differ by way of lower maximum lead knee lift, decreased knee extension in the arm acceleration phase, significantly less elbow flexion

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Kinematic and kinetic comparison between American and Japanese collegiate pitchers

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Stride Pattern of the Lower Extremities Among Stride Types in Baseball Pitching

Stride Pattern of the Lower Extremities Among Stride Types in Baseball Pitching

Biomechanical Differences Between Japanese and American Professional Baseball Pitchers

Kinematic Models For Pitch Location Metrics in Professional Baseball Pitchers

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