Kinematic analysis of cervical spine canal diameter and its association with grade of degeneration

Jiang, Xin; Chen, Dong; Lou, Yahao; Li, Zhongshi

doi:10.1007/s00586-016-4624-z

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Moreover, in our research, we found that the IVDs at C6-C7 showed higher mean ADC value than the IVDs at C5-C6, at which the lowest mean ADC value was reached. The same finding was reported by Teraguchi et al [ 20 ] in a large-scale epidemiology survey about cervical disc degeneration, in which they found the prevalence of disc degeneration was highest at C5-C6, followed by C6-C7 and C4-C5, due to its largest range of motion among all cervical discs [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Evaluation of Cervical Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: An Observational Study with 3.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Chen

Huang

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Aims To investigate the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and cervical intervertebral disc degeneration in adult symptomatic patients. Methods A total of 52 symptomatic and 40 healthy volunteers were included. DWI and routine MRI examinations were performed to their cervical spines. The cervical discs (from C2-C3 to C6-C7) were graded according to the Pfirrmann grading system, and ADC values of the nucleus pulposus (NP) were measured. Differences of the ADC values between different genders and anatomic levels were analyzed; the correlation between the ADC value and the Pfirrmann grade was investigated. The cut-off ADC values of each Pfirrmann grade were calculated. Results The mean ADC value of the NP decreased with increasing Pfirrmann grade (I–V) upon both patients and asymptotic volunteers. The ADC value decreased descendingly from C2-C3 to C5-C6 (P < 0.05) and then increased at C6-C7 (P < 0.05). Additionally, the comparison of the ADC values between different genders achieved statistical significance at each anatomical level (P < 0.05), except at C6-C7 (P > 0.05). Significant negative correlations between the ADC value and either age or Pfirrmann grade were observed. Conclusions Our preliminary findings suggest that the ADC value obtained by DWI can provide a reliable indicator to evaluate the cervical disc degeneration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Evaluation of Cervical Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: An Observational Study with 3.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Chen

Huang

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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“…C4/5 had the lowest spinal canal diameter and C5/6 had the second-lowest spinal canal diameter, both in the neutral and extension positions. C4/5 (3/13) and C5/6 (5/13) had higher risks of injury than the other levels, which has been corroborated by a previous kinematic analysis [ 28 ]. Ito et al [ 27 ] used a biofidelic model to simulate whiplash and found that spinal cord injury during whiplash is unlikely to occur in patients with normal average canal diameters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Dynamic evaluation of the cervical spine by kinematic MRI in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation

et al. 2023

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Background The pattern of changes in the cervical spine and the spinal cord and their dynamic characteristics in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic changes in the cervical spine and spinal cord from C2/3 to C7/T1 in different positions by using kinematic magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Yuebei People's Hospital. Methods Using median sagittal T2-weighted images for 16 patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation who underwent cervical kinematic MRI, the anterior space available for the cord, spinal cord diameter, posterior space available for the cord from C2/3 to C7/T1, and Muhle’s grade were determined. The spinal canal diameter was calculated by adding the anterior space available for the cord, spinal cord diameter, and posterior space available for the cord. Results The anterior space available for the cord, posterior space available for the cord, and spinal canal diameters at C2/3 and C7/T1 were significantly higher than those from C3/4 to C6/7. Muhle’s grades at C2/3 and C7/T1 were significantly lower than those at the other levels. Spinal canal diameter was lower in extension than in the neutral and flexion positions. In the operated segments, significantly lesser space was available for the cord (anterior space available for the cord + posterior space available for the cord), and the spinal cord diameter/spinal canal diameter ratio was higher than those in the C2/3, C7/T1, and non-operated segments. Conclusion Kinematic MRI demonstrated dynamic pathoanatomical changes, such as canal stenosis in different positions, in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation. The injured segment had a small canal diameter, high Muhle’s grade, low space available for the cord, and high spinal cord diameter/spinal canal diameter ratio.

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“…C4/5 had the lowest spinal canal diameter and C5/6 had the second-lowest spinal canal diameter, both in the neutral and extension positions. C4/5 (3/13) and C5/6 (5/13) had higher risks of injury than the other levels, which has been corroborated by a previous kinematic analysis [33]. Ito et al [32] used a bio delic model to simulate whiplash and found that spinal cord injury during whiplash is unlikely to occur in patients with normal average canal diameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Dynamic Evaluation of the Cervical Spine in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury without Fracture and Dislocation via Kinematic MRI

liu

Qiu

Zhong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The pattern of changes in the cervical spine and the spinal cord and their dynamic characteristics in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic changes in the cervical spine and spinal cord from C2/3 to C7/T1 in different positions using kinematic magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Yuebei People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University. Methods Using median sagittal T2-weighted images for 16 patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation who underwent cervical kinematic MRI, the anterior space available for the cord, spinal cord diameter, posterior space available for the cord from C2/3 to C7/T1, and Muhle’s grade were determined. The spinal canal diameter was calculated by adding the anterior space available for the cord, spinal cord diameter, and posterior space available for the cord. Results Anterior space available for the cord, posterior space available for the cord, and spinal canal diameter at C2/3 and C7/T1 were significantly higher than those from C3/4 to C6/7. Muhle’s grades at C2/3 and C7/T1 were significantly lower than those at the other levels. Spinal canal diameter was lower in extension than in the neutral and flexion positions. In the operated segments, significantly lesser space was available for the cord (anterior space available for the cord + posterior space available for the cord) and the spinal cord diameter/spinal canal diameter ratio was higher compared with C2/3, C7/T1, and non-operated segments. Conclusion Kinematic MRI demonstrated dynamic pathoanatomical changes, such as canal stenosis in different positions, in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation. The injured segment had a small canal diameter, high Muhle’s grade, low space available for the cord, and high spinal cord diameter/spinal canal diameter ratio.

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Kinematic analysis of cervical spine canal diameter and its association with grade of degeneration

Abstract: C5/6 and C4/5 is of higher risk of suffering SCI than other levels, C4/5 level predispose SCI at earlier stage than C5/6, patients presenting with intermediate signal and slight decreased disc height on T2 weighted MRI at C4/5 level should be paid attention.

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Evaluation of Cervical Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: An Observational Study with 3.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Evaluation of Cervical Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: An Observational Study with 3.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Dynamic evaluation of the cervical spine by kinematic MRI in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation

Dynamic Evaluation of the Cervical Spine in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury without Fracture and Dislocation via Kinematic MRI

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