Kindness interventions for early-stage breast cancer survivors: An online, pilot randomized controlled trial

Haydon, Marcie D.; Walsh, Lisa C.; Fritz, Megan M.; Rahal, Danny; Lyubomirsky, Sonja; Bower, Julienne E.

doi:10.1080/17439760.2022.2093786

Cited by 3 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…We identified 24 randomized clinical trials, 3 nonrandomized studies, and 3 mixed-methods studies . Most of the studies (17 [56.7%]) analyzed mental health and well-being as the primary health outcome .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38 None of the interventions led to changes in well-being or depressive symptoms (primary outcomes) compared with the daily activity-writing control. 34 Those assigned to perform prosocial acts did not differ significantly in depression, anxiety, happiness, or the belief that their life had meaning and was valuable compared with those assigned to report their daily activities. 12 Women who promoted positive body image to a friend did not experience a more positive body image compared with women in an active control group.…”

Section: No Individual Improvementmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…[55][56][57] Most of the studies (17 [56.7%]) analyzed mental health and well-being as the primary health outcome. 12,[29][30][31]34,36,38,41,45,[47][48][49][50][51]53,56,57 Other studies examined disease screening…”

Section: Jama Network Open | Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[47][48][49][50] Five studies (16.7%) focused on expressions of kindness, 30,38,51,53,56 and 6 (20.0%) used a pay-it-forward approach. 43,44,46,52,54,55 Of the 12 studies with a focus on acts of kindness, 12,29,31,[34][35][36][37][39][40][41]45,57 8 (66.7%) found that acts of kindness were associated with improved health outcomes 29,[35][36][37][39][40][41]45 and 4 (33.3%) found no significant differences. 12,31,34,57 Acts of kindness were associated with improved mental health and well-being and biomarker (CTRA expression) outcomes.…”

Section: Jama Network Open | Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 Engaging in other-focused kindness may enhance perceptions of social support among breast cancer survivors. 34 Community solidarity among MSM in China can be characterized by 3 factors: engagement, social network support, and sense of belonging. 43 Positive affect can be increased in individuals with high levels of social anxiety, and positive affect enhancement strategies like performing kind acts may result in wider social benefits.…”

Section: Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prosocial Interventions and Health Outcomes

Byrne,

Tan,

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceProsocial interventions encourage voluntary actions that benefit others. Community solidarity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, expanding mutual aid programs, and health workforce issues have accelerated prosocial health interventions.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of prosocial interventions with health outcomes in clinical trials and observational studies.Data SourcesIn this systematic review and meta-analysis informed by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, 5 databases (MEDLINE [via PubMed], Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Scopus) were searched from database inception through February 23, 2023. The search included terms for altruism and prosocial behaviors, health outcomes, and study type.Study SelectionIncluded studies, determined by multiple reviewers, compared health outcomes in a prosocial intervention group with a nonintervention group.Data Extraction and SynthesisFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline, data extraction and synthesis captured quantitative and qualitative data. To pool data from quantitative studies, random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate the impact of prosocial interventions. To combine data from quantitative and qualitive studies, data were transformed into qualitative narratives using meta-aggregation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was whether prosocial interventions were associated with improved health outcomes. Barriers to and facilitators of implementation of these interventions were assessed.ResultsThe search identified 5229 citations; 30 studies were included in the synthesis. Studies indicated that prosocial interventions were associated with positive health outcomes for givers (17 studies [56.7]) and recipients (8 [26.7%]). Prosocial interventions included acts of kindness (12 studies [40.0%]), cash gifts (7 [23.3%]), pay-it-forward approaches (6 [20.0%]), and expressions of kindness (5 [16.7%]). Improvements were reported in depression, testing for sexually transmitted diseases, vaccine uptake, physical activity, and individual biomarkers. Data from 6 studies (20.0%) demonstrated that pay-it-forward approaches were associated with increased uptake of diagnostic tests or vaccines among vulnerable groups (moderate certainty of evidence). Data from 14 studies (46.7%) suggested that community connectedness facilitated prosocial interventions. Shared vulnerabilities among groups (eg, sexual minority individuals, older adults) may provide a context for collective mobilization to improve health in local communities.Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review and meta-analysis found that prosocial interventions were associated with improved health outcomes among vulnerable groups and have been useful for addressing health disparities. Further research is needed to develop and evaluate prosocial interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%