Kin Recognition in a Clonal Fish, Poecilia formosa

Makowicz, Amber M.; Tiedemann, Ralph; Steele, Rachel N.; Schlupp, Ingo

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158442

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These social fish form large groups in the wild where they forage and compete for resources together (Ingo Schlupp, Parzefall, & Schartl, 2002). These fish also strongly prefer to associate with familiar individuals (Makowicz, Tiedemann, Steele, & Schlupp, 2016; Ingo Schlupp, 2009); however it is currently unknown how the level of familiarity within a group influences group behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familiarity increases aggressiveness among clonal fish

Doran

Bierbach

Laskowski

2018

Preprint

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Understanding how animal groups form and function is a major goal in behavioural ecology. Both genetic relatedness and familiarity among group mates have been shown to be key mediators of group composition. However, disentangling the two in most species is challenging as the most familiar individuals are often the most related, and vice versa. In order to gain a complete understanding of how individual interactions shape group behaviour it is crucial to understand the role each of this social relationship factors plays individually. To this end, we manipulated the level of familiarity among groups of the naturally clonal, and genetically identical fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) and monitored group behaviour in an open-field and when given the opportunity to forage. Contrary to our predictions, fish that were the most familiar with each other showed the highest levels of aggression. Additionally, fish that were less familiar with each other exhibited the highest group cohesion and took the longest to begin feeding, compared to the more familiar fish. These results suggest that familiarity may socially buffer individuals from the perception of risk in novel environments, such as is common in most behavioural tests designed to test group behaviour. Increases in aggression that are associated with increasing familiarity as shown here might be a mechanism by which fish maintain a fission-fusion society with important consequences for the patterns of associations in group living animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familiarity increases aggressiveness among clonal fish

Doran

Bierbach

Laskowski

2018

Preprint

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“…Chemical information alone appears ineffective, although it is otherwise used widely in swordtails and other Poeciliids (Fisher & Rosenthal, ; McLennan & Ryan, ; Wong et al., ). We do not think that the method used here led to the lack of response, because in a different study using similar containers and investigating clonal recognition in the Amazon molly, females were able to recognize kin using all modalities investigated here (Makowicz et al., ). This strong role of visual communication is not a completely unexpected result, as visual displays are known to be important in swordtails, both in male contests and for acquiring mates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Data were then normalized using √arc (sin) transformation. Any trials in which the female showed a side bias (more than 85% of time on one side; McCoy et al, 2011;Makowicz et al, 2016) were excluded from analysis. Eighteen trials were excluded due to side bias, but a binomial test indicated that side biases were distributed randomly between the two sides.…”

Section: Study 2: Dummy Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All trials were conducted in a clear 37.85-L tank with all but the observer's side covered by white plastic boards to prevent visual distractions to the focal male. Using a variety of smaller prism-shaped Plexiglas containers, we created treatments that limited information transmission between males (Makowicz, Tiedemann, Steele, & Schlupp, 2016). We did this to examine which sensory modalities might be involved in regulating color change of the lateral stripe.…”

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Social function of a variable lateral stripe in Xiphophorus hellerii?

2017

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In a single population of a livebearing fish, the green swordtail (Xiphophorus hellerii), a trait considered a static badge of status in males of other populations, the color of a stripe covering the lateral line, has been found to be dynamic relative to their social environment, potentially rendering this signal meaningless. Males change the color expression of their lateral stripe dynamically based on social environment. We investigated if males (n = 26) respond to visual and chemical information about other males with a color change and aggressive behavior. We found that visual information is indeed causing color change, whereas chemical information is less effective. Aggressive responses and frequency of response did not change significantly with the mode of communication. We also studied female preferences for color, but found no significant preference (n = 32). Our results lead to questions as to how interpopulation variation can affect preferences and how dynamic signaling—in this case signal transmission presumably dependent on sex and/or status—influences the behavioral interactions we might expect between X. hellerii in the field.

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“…Previous research has shown that there is an association between codon usage and the evolutionary age of genes in metazoans 30 . Interestingly, two principal component analyses (PCA) of relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) from 82 and 76 species (six species having distant codon usage patterns were excluded), respectively, revealed that the whale shark pattern of RSCU is most similar to that of the coelacanth; with well separated patterns of RSCU for each class (Fig.…”

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confidence: 96%

The whale shark genome reveals how genomic and physiological properties scale with body size

Park

Luria

Weber

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The endangered whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is the largest fish on Earth and is a long-lived member of the ancient Elasmobranchii clade. To characterize the relationship between genome features and biological traits, we sequenced and assembled the genome of the whale shark and compared its genomic and physiological features to those of 81 animals and yeast. We examined scaling relationships between body size, temperature, metabolic rates, and genomic features and found both general correlations across the animal kingdom and features specific to the whale shark genome. Among animals, increased lifespan is positively correlated to body size and metabolic rate. Several genomic features also significantly correlated with body size, including intron and gene length. Our large-scale comparative genomic analysis uncovered general features of metazoan genome architecture: GC content and codon adaptation index are negatively correlated, and neural connectivity genes are longer than average genes in most genomes. Focusing on the whale shark genome, we identified multiple features that significantly correlate with lifespan.Among these were very long gene length, due to large introns highly enriched in repetitive elements such as CR1-like LINEs, and considerably longer neural genes of several types, including connectivity, activity, and neurodegeneration genes. The whale shark's genome had an expansion of gene families related to fatty acid metabolism and neurogenesis, with the slowest evolutionary rate observed in vertebrates to date. Our comparative genomics approach uncovered multiple genetic features associated with body size, metabolic rate, and lifespan, and showed that the whale shark is a promising model for studies of neural architecture and lifespan. 4The relationships between body mass, longevity, and basal metabolic rate (BMR) across diverse habitats and taxa have been researched extensively over the last century, and led to generalized rules and scaling relationships that explain many physiological and genetic trends observed across the tree of life. While studies of endothermic aquatic mammals have shown that selection for larger body sizes is driven by the minimization of heat loss 1 , metabolic rate in ectothermic aquatic vertebrates is directly dependent on temperature, and decreased temperatures are correlated with decreased BMRs, decreased growth rates, longer generational times, and increased body sizes 2-4 . The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is the largest extant fish, reaching lengths of 20 meters (m) 5 and 42 tonnes (t) in mass 6 and has a maximum lifespan estimated at 80 years 6 . Unlike the two smaller filter-feeding shark species (Cetorhinus maximus, Megachasma pelagios) that inhabit colder temperate waters with increased prey availability, whale sharks have a cosmopolitan tropical and warm subtropical distribution and have rarely been sighted in areas with surface temperatures less than 21°C 7-9 . However, recent GPS tagging studies have revealed that they routinely dive to mesopelagic (200-1,000 ...

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Kin Recognition in a Clonal Fish, Poecilia formosa

Cited by 31 publications

References 48 publications

Familiarity increases aggressiveness among clonal fish

Familiarity increases aggressiveness among clonal fish

Social function of a variable lateral stripe in Xiphophorus hellerii?

The whale shark genome reveals how genomic and physiological properties scale with body size

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