Kin-oriented redirection among Japanese macaques: an expression of a revenge system?

Aureli, Filippo; Cozzolino, Roberto; Cordischi, Carla; Scucchi, Stefano

doi:10.1016/0003-3472(92)90034-7

Cited by 107 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Reconciliation reduces the chance of further aggression from the former aggressor or other group members and restores the tolerance between former opponents, which lower the level of anxiety of an animal (Aureli, 1992a;Kappeler and van Schaik, 1992). Redirection is also a factor that may help to reduce stressrelated behavior to baseline levels after conflicts (Aureli, 1992b). In light of these observations the results of the study are not surprising.…”

Section: Redirection Further Aggression From the Former Opponent Andmentioning

confidence: 86%

Postconflict Behavior Among Male Japanese Macaques

2005

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Reconciliation was first described more than 20 years ago. Since then, it has been observed in many mammals (mainly primates) but data on postconflict behavior among males are still scarce because they usually aggressively compete for mating partners, rarely maintain amicable relationships with one another. Accordingly, reconciliation is expected to occur at low rates. Although this is true for Japanese macaque males, the subspecies on Yakushima Island (Macaca fuscata yakui) seems to represent an exception as grooming among males occurs often. We analyzed postconflict behavior among them and discuss the possible factors that may favor the occurrence of grooming and reconciliation. Selective attraction between former opponents-reconciliationoccurred soon after conflicts. Consolation-affiliative interactions between a focal animal and group members other than the former opponents occurring earlier in PCs than in MCs-was absent among males. Conciliatory tendency is higher for Yakushima macaque males (0.31) versus that in studies on the other subspecies Macaca fuscata. We discuss differences in the behavioral ecology of the 2 subspecies, the ecological and social factors that may favor the occurrence of reconciliation, and the possible benefits that males gain from grooming exchange and reconciliation.

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Section: Redirection Further Aggression From the Former Opponent Andmentioning

confidence: 86%

Postconflict Behavior Among Male Japanese Macaques

2005

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“…Recent victims may attack non-combatants to redirect the attention of the original aggressor and others away from themselves and thus reduce the loser effect [53]. Kin-oriented redirected aggression, where combatants are aggressive towards relatives of their opponent, has been observed [54,55]; it may be an act of ‘revenge’ or a means by which recent victims reduce the risk of renewed aggression by the original aggressor [55]. Following between-group conflict, there are no direct within-group parallels in terms of former opponents, as these are from a different group, but combatants might still be aggressive towards non-combatants (predictions 2A–D, table 1).…”

Section: Behavioural Responses In the Aftermath Of Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-group behavioural consequences of between-group conflict: a prospective review

2016

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Conflict is rife in group-living species and exerts a powerful selective force. Group members face a variety of threats from extra-group conspecifics, from individuals looking for reproductive opportunities to rival groups seeking resources. Theory predicts that such between-group conflict should influence within-group behaviour. However, compared with the extensive literature on the consequences of within-group conflict, relatively little research has considered the behavioural impacts of between-group conflict. We give an overview of why between-group conflict is expected to influence subsequent behaviour among group members. We then use what is known about the consequences of within-group conflict to generate testable predictions about how between-group conflict might affect within-group behaviour in the aftermath. We consider the types of behaviour that could change and how the role of different group members in the conflict can exert an influence. Furthermore, we discuss how conflict characteristics and outcome, group size, social structure and within-group relationship quality might modulate post-conflict behavioural changes. Finally, we propose the need for consistent definitions, a broader range of examined behaviours and taxa, individual-focused data collection, complementary observational and experimental approaches, and a consideration of lasting effects if we are to understand fully the significant influence of between-group conflict on social behaviour.

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“…Unlike in captivity (Aureli and van Schaik 1991 a;see also Judge 1982;Aureli et al 1992), the aggressor's kin did not seem to be favourite targets of the victim's attacks during the PCs relative to the MCs. However, the sample size for this analysis was rather small.…”

Section: Post-conflict Social Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-conflict behaviour among wild long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Aureli

1992

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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137

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A procedure originally developed for the study of post-conflict behaviour in captive groups was used to study a group of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in the wild. During 5 months, 15-6 post-conflict observations on victims of agonistic conflicts were collected and compared with matched-control observations. The findings reported previously for a captive group of the same species were confirmed. After a conflict victims scratched themselves more often and received more attacks than in control periods. Reconciliation and redirection were found to be characteristic of post-conflict situations. Their occurrence seemed to follow similar patterns in captivity and in the wild. The frequency of reconciliation, but not that of redirection, seemed to be lower after conflicts over food than in other situations. No evidence for consolation was found. In the wild, victims have the option of leaving the (sub)-group in order to avoid the former aggressor. No evidence for this behaviour was actually found, but within the (sub)group victims tended to keep the former aggressor at a distance. Victims also seemed to suffer ecological costs in that they spent less time foraging than in control periods.

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Kin-oriented redirection among Japanese macaques: an expression of a revenge system?

Cited by 107 publications

References 23 publications

Postconflict Behavior Among Male Japanese Macaques

Postconflict Behavior Among Male Japanese Macaques

Within-group behavioural consequences of between-group conflict: a prospective review

Post-conflict behaviour among wild long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

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