Kimberlite degradation: The role of cation type

Boshoff, E.T.; Morkel, Jacqueline; Vermaak, M.K.G.; Pistorius, Petrus Christiaan

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2007.08.008

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the presence of water these cations tend to hydrate, thereby forcing the clay layers apart in a series of discrete steps. The equilibrium process depends on the surface charge density or surface potential of the clay mineral, the type of exchangeable cations, particle content, the salt concentration, as well as the ratio of the cations in the bulk solution (Boek et al, 1995;Boshoff et al, 2007;Tombacz et al, 1989;Yildiz and Calimli, 2002;Yilmaz and Marschalko, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cations in copper flotation in the presence of bentonite

Wang

Peng

Nicholson

et al. 2016

Minerals Engineering

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cations in copper flotation in the presence of bentonite

Wang

Peng

Nicholson

et al. 2016

Minerals Engineering

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“…inorganic solutions (Boshoff et al, 2007;Morkel, 2006. Results showed that swelling clay minerals, especially the smectite species, were responsible for accelerating the breaking down of kimberlite material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kimberlite weathering: Effects of organic reagents

Ndlovu

Morkel

Naude

2014

Minerals Engineering

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Kimberlite material is one of the primary sources of diamonds. Accelerated weathering that leads to a physical breakdown of the material over a short period of time has possible benefits in diamond processing such as reduction in the energy consumption when used as a pre-comminution stage. This study investigated accelerated weathering by utilising organic reagents; acetic acid, ethanol, formamide, n-hexane, oxalic acid, and urea, in comparison to the use of Cu 2+ solution that was previously shown to be very effective in weathering kimberlite.Oxalic acid was the organic agent that showed promising weathering capabilities. However, the use of organic solutions was not as efficient as with Cu 2+ solutions. Results showed that 67 per cent of the particles passed 12 mm screen size in Cu 2+ weathering compared to 48 per cent in oxalic acid. It was also found that time of exposure had a small effect on weathering. Increasing the organic chemical concentration twofold, from 0.025 M to 0.5 M, improved weathering by ~ 20 percentage points. Different weathering mechanisms were observed at different solution concentration between oxalic acid (1 st to 2 nd order) and Cu 2+ (2 nd to 3 rd order).

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“…Kimberlite ores located in the vicinity of the South Africa-Zimbabwe border chiefly contain smectite and mica (Boshoff et al, 2007), which increased the viscosity of the suspension significantly (Burdukova et al, 2008a). The Chilean porphyry copper ores operated at Disputada plants contain mainly illite and chlorite as clay minerals which reduce the flotation rate of copper in all cases and increase copper losses in the tailings (Bulatovic et al, 1998).…”

Section: Statement Of Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In clay science, cation exchange is an important factor influencing the clay-water interaction and cation exchange selectivity is one of the most important properties of 2:1 phyllosilicates. Since the equilibrium process of cation exchange depends on various factors, including surface charge density or surface potential of the clay mineral, the type of exchangeable cation, particle content, the salt concentration, as well as the ratio of the cations in the bulk solution (Boek et al, 1995;Boshoff et al, 2007;Tombacz et al, 1989;Yildiz and Calimli, 2002;Yilmaz and Marschalko, 2014), a complex system is needed to be established in order to understand the cation exchange process of bentonite. Corresponding equipment and methodologies should also be set up precisely from the perspective of clay science.…”

Section: Cation Exchange Of Bentonite In Electrolytes Solution Affectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the deleterious effect of clay minerals on copper flotation

Wang¹

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Clay minerals have a deleterious effect on the mineral flotation process. Generally, two major phenomena are observed in industry when processing high clay ores: no froth formed on the top of the pulp phase and few valuable minerals loaded on the top of froth. This is an ARC Linkage project with support from Pionera, a reagent company manufacturing biopolymers.The objective of the project is to define the different effects of clay minerals on copper flotation, and then to mitigate the deleterious effects of specific clay minerals in copper flotation by biopolymers and other means.In this research, two types of clay minerals, swelling bentonite with a 2:1 structure and nonswelling kaolinite Q38 with a 1:1 structure, were chosen to represent two typical kinds of clay minerals often seen in industrial flotation plants. The influence of bentonite and kaolinite on copper flotation was investigated. It was found that bentonite and kaolinite affected the copper flotation in a different way. Increasing the proportion of bentonite increased the pulp viscosity that reduced the amount of froth on the top of slurry and decreased flotation rate, resulting in a lower copper recovery. On the other hand, increasing the kaolinite content mainly decreased the copper grade by entrainment that is characterised by smaller bubble size and higher froth stability. The different roles of bentonite and kaolinite in the flotation were associated with their unique structure properties. Also, the collector and frother dosage plays an important role in specifying the different effect of bentonite and kaolinite on copper flotation performance.To mitigate the deleterious effect of kaolinite, three lignosulfonate biopolymers from Pionera, DP-1775, DP-1777 and DP-1778 with different structures, were examined. While rheological measurements indicated that these biopolymers dispersed the kaolinite aggregates, a beneficial effect of biopolymers on copper flotation in the presence of kaolinite was not observed. Instead, interactions of biopolymers with the frother appeared to enhance the froth stability and therefore further reduced copper grade by mechanical entrainment. Two-phase foam characterization revealed that the foam height increased in the blends of biopolymers with the frother. The dispersing and foaming abilities of biopolymers were governed by their structure features such as the content of functional groups, the molecular weight and counterions.The three biopolymers, DP-1775, DP-1777 and DP-1778, were also tested to reduce the negative effect of bentonite in copper flotation. Rheological measurements indicated that all of II the three biopolymers could not significantly reduce the pulp viscosity which was dictated by bentonite. This is consistent with the observation that none of the three biopolymers could enhance the copper recovery effectively. Electrolytes were then used to mitigate the deleterious effect of bentonite on copper flotation through reducing the high pulp viscosity.

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Kimberlite degradation: The role of cation type

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

The role of cations in copper flotation in the presence of bentonite

The role of cations in copper flotation in the presence of bentonite

Kimberlite weathering: Effects of organic reagents

Mitigating the deleterious effect of clay minerals on copper flotation

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