Kilohertz-frequency interferential current induces hypoalgesic effects more comfortably than TENS

Abstract

Recent research on transcutaneous electrical stimulation has shown that inhibiting nerve conduction with a kilohertz frequency is both effective and safe. This study primarily aims to demonstrate the hypoalgesic effect on the tibial nerve using transcutaneous interferential-current nerve inhibition (TINI), which injects the kilohertz frequency produced by the interferential currents. Additionally, the secondary objective was to compare the analgesic effect and comfort of TINI and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Thirty-one healthy adults participated in this cross-over repeated measures study. The washout period was set to 24 h or more. Stimulus intensity was set just below the pain threshold level. TINI and TENS were applied for 20 min each. The ankle passive dorsiflexion range of motion, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and tactile threshold were measured at the baseline, pre-test, test (immediately before ceasing intervention), and post-test (30 min after ceasing intervention) sessions. After the interventions, the participants evaluated the level of discomfort for TINI and TENS on a 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS). As the results, PPT significantly increased compared to baseline in test and posttest sessions of TINI, but not in those of TENS. Also, participants reported that TENS was 36% more discomfort than TINI. The hypoalgesic effect was not significantly different between TINI and TENS. In conclusion, we found that TINI inhibited mechanical pain sensitivity and that the inhibitory effect persisted long after electrical stimulation ceased. Our study also shows that TINI provides the hypoalgesic effect more comfortably than TENS.

Towards a more accurate quasi-static approximation of the electric potential for neurostimulation with kilohertz-frequency sources *

“…Kilohertz-frequency (KHF) signals have received increased attention due to the potential to block the conduction of nerve impulses [4,16,22]. This interest has manifested in the use of KHF signals, for example, in applications of epidural spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain relief, and transcutaneous tibial stimulation for pain management [23,32]. Analyses of these applications may require to use the appropriate equations to obtain accurate calculations of the electric field due to KHF sources.…”