Killing the minotaur in its amazing maze

Krause, Daniela

doi:10.1182/blood.2019003431

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…These marsupials live in close relationship with humans and domestic animals. In many South American countries, some people consider opossums as pests, frequently mistaken them as rats or by considering them dirty animals (Krause and Krause 2006 ; Barros and Azevedo 2014 ). This factor leads to their death within the cities using poison or even traps to capture and kill (Fig.…”

Section: The Genus Didelphis : Ecology and Coexistence With Domestic Animals And Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Didelphis spp. opossums and their parasites in the Americas: A One Health perspective

et al. 2021

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Medium sized opossums (Didelphis spp.) are among the most fascinating mammals of the Americas, playing important ecological roles (e.g., dispersal of seeds and control of insect populations) in the environment they inhabit. Nevertheless, as synanthropic animals, they are well adapted to human dwellings, occupying shelters within the cities, peripheral areas, and rural settings. These marsupials can harbor numerous pathogens, which may affect people, pets, and livestock. Among those, some protozoa (e.g., Leishmania infantum, Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii), helminths (e.g., Ancylostoma caninum, Trichinella spiralis, Alaria marcianae, Paragonimus spp.) and arthropods (e.g., ticks, fleas) present substantial public health and veterinary importance, due to their capacity to cause disease in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Here, we reviewed the role played by opossums on the spreading of zoonotic parasites, vectors, and vector-borne pathogens, highlighting the risks of pathogens transmission due to the direct and indirect interaction of humans and domestic animals with Didelphis spp. in the Americas.

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Section: The Genus Didelphis : Ecology and Coexistence With Domestic Animals And Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Didelphis spp. opossums and their parasites in the Americas: A One Health perspective

et al. 2021

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“…Opossums are not native to California and were originally introduced into the Los Angeles area in 1890; this population extended into Ventura Co. by 1924. Another population of opossums was brought into Santa Clara Co. in 1910 [ 226 ]. In 1924, an entrepreneur living in Tulare Co. brought opossums into the state to raise for their fur, which at the time was used as an inexpensive trim for clothing.…”

Section: Flea-borne Typhus In California 1915–2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

History, Rats, Fleas, and Opossums. II. The Decline and Resurgence of Flea-Borne Typhus in the United States, 1945–2019

Anstead

2020

TropicalMed

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Flea-borne typhus, due to Rickettsia typhi and R. felis, is an infection causing fever, headache, rash, and diverse organ manifestations that can result in critical illness or death. This is the second part of a two-part series describing the rise, decline, and resurgence of flea-borne typhus (FBT) in the United States over the last century. These studies illustrate the influence of historical events, social conditions, technology, and public health interventions on the prevalence of a vector-borne disease. Flea-borne typhus was an emerging disease, primarily in the Southern USA and California, from 1910 to 1945. The primary reservoirs in this period were the rats Rattus norvegicus and Ra. rattus and the main vector was the Oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis). The period 1930 to 1945 saw a dramatic rise in the number of reported cases. This was due to conditions favorable to the proliferation of rodents and their fleas during the Depression and World War II years, including: dilapidated, overcrowded housing; poor environmental sanitation; and the difficulty of importing insecticides and rodenticides during wartime. About 42,000 cases were reported between 1931–1946, and the actual number of cases may have been three-fold higher. The number of annual cases of FBT peaked in 1944 at 5401 cases. American involvement in World War II, in the short term, further perpetuated the epidemic of FBT by the increased production of food crops in the American South and by promoting crowded and unsanitary conditions in the Southern cities. However, ultimately, World War II proved to be a powerful catalyst in the control of FBT by improving standards of living and providing the tools for typhus control, such as synthetic insecticides and novel rodenticides. A vigorous program for the control of FBT was conducted by the US Public Health Service from 1945 to 1952, using insecticides, rodenticides, and environmental sanitation and remediation. Government programs and relative economic prosperity in the South also resulted in slum clearance and improved housing, which reduced rodent harborage. By 1956, the number of cases of FBT in the United States had dropped dramatically to only 98. Federally funded projects for rat control continued until the mid-1980s. Effective antibiotics for FBT, such as the tetracyclines, came into clinical practice in the late 1940s. The first diagnostic test for FBT, the Weil-Felix test, was found to have inadequate sensitivity and specificity and was replaced by complement fixation in the 1940s and the indirect fluorescent antibody test in the 1980s. A second organism causing FBT, R. felis, was discovered in 1990. Flea-borne typhus persists in the United States, primarily in South and Central Texas, the Los Angeles area, and Hawaii. In the former two areas, the opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and cats have replaced rats as the primary reservoirs, with the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) now as the most important vector. In Hawaii, 73% of cases occur in Maui County because it has lower rainfall than other areas. Despite great successes against FBT in the post-World War II era, it has proved difficult to eliminate because it is now associated with our companion animals, stray pets, opossums, and the cat flea, an abundant and non-selective vector. In the new millennium, cases of FBT are increasing in Texas and California. In 2018–2019, Los Angeles County experienced a resurgence of FBT, with rats as the reservoir.

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“…It is surprising that Oviedo did not include this among the xylography that he produced, given the interest he had of the natural world and of the exotic nature of the didelphid, as it was adapted to all types of ecosystems throughout the American continent, with the exception of extremely high elevations and desert areas (Hunsaker II, 1977, p. 147). Taking into consideration the aforementioned, the most fruitful contributions come from the biogeographic and historical fields, focused on figuring out the evolutionary origins and lineage of the marsupials didelphidae (Borroto-Páez & Woods, 2012; Krause & Krause, 2006;Cerqueira, 1985). Within this line of work, studies relating to the patterns of movement and areas of distribution stand out, on the basis of capture, marking, and recapture procedures, that yield radio-telemetric data with the monitoring of specimens fitted with radio-collars (Sunquist, Steven & Sunquist, 1987;O' Connell, 1979;Telford, González & Tonn, 1979), that are meant to demonstrate the nomadic and nocturnal tendencies of the mammal, similarly to its North American counterpart (Didelphis virginiana), without restricting its activities to specific areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The common black-eared opossum in the symbolic and iconographic universe. From the effigy ornaments in the lesser Antilles to the European graphics of Simivulpa and its variants in the 16th – 17th centuries

Bueno Jiménez

2023

cys

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This study focuses on the aesthetic analysis, iconographic variants, and symbolism of the common black-eared opossum (Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus 1758) in ceramic ornaments of agro-ceramic origin of the Saladoid tradition with Barrancoid influence, located in the south of the Lesser Antilles arc and Venezuela, currently held in different collections, scientific academies, and museums around the world, particularly in the Caribbean and United States. Likewise, it will study an entire corpus of prints with descriptions and illustrations of the marsupial, the latter being elaborated by European artists through wood engravings or etchings. For this purpose, chroniclers and artists often relied on the analogical outline of Aristotle, disarticulating the didelphidae into anatomic parts to later compare them with those of other animals according to their degree of similarity, usually being with species of the so-called Old World, in order to create a ‘new’ concept, in reality, an anomalous creature, resulting from the juxtaposition of images of the ‘old’ over the ‘new’, in order to show the intelligible and unknown of the Caribbean world in a way that is comprehensible and accessible to the human mind, with the objective of providing zoological continuity and closing the gaps that once separated both ‘worlds’, in other words, the semiosis of Charles Sanders Peirce.

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Killing the minotaur in its amazing maze

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Didelphis spp. opossums and their parasites in the Americas: A One Health perspective

Didelphis spp. opossums and their parasites in the Americas: A One Health perspective

History, Rats, Fleas, and Opossums. II. The Decline and Resurgence of Flea-Borne Typhus in the United States, 1945–2019

The common black-eared opossum in the symbolic and iconographic universe. From the effigy ornaments in the lesser Antilles to the European graphics of Simivulpa and its variants in the 16th – 17th centuries

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