Kidney transplantation in low- and middle-income countries: the Transplant Links experience

Abstract

Paediatric kidney failure is a global problem responsible for significant childhood morbidity and mortality. The gold-standard treatment is kidney transplantation. However, the availability of kidney transplantation remains limited in some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Transplant Links Community (TLC) is a UK-based charity that mentors units in LMICs wishing to start kidney transplantation; the ultimate goal is for these units to become self-sufficient. TLC provides this support through in-person training visits and skill transfer, plus direct mentorship from the UK that is maintained over many years. From such mentoring programmes, it is evident that there are numerous challenges in the initial establishment and long-term maintenance of kidney transplant services, with specific and unique barriers applying to setting up paediatric transplant programmes compared to their adult counterparts. This review summarises TLC’s first-hand experience of developing paediatric kidney transplantation services in LMICs over the past 15 years, the challenges encountered, and the major ongoing barriers that must be addressed to facilitate further progress in delivering transplantation services to children globally.

Challenges to establishing and maintaining kidney transplantation programs in developing countries: What are the coping strategies?

“…This highlights the importance of pre-KT counseling and post-KT comprehensive follow-up. The intensity of these emotional damages usually does not match the realities of KT as a process of therapy with a large scale of complications[ 18 , 77 ].…”

“…However, recruiting external assistance and qualification of KT physicians and surgeons by supervising intuitions or volunteer individuals is a common effective coping strategy among the different WHO regions[ 121 - 125 ] (Table 2 ). In all regions[ 121 - 125 ], many successful examples have been reported[ 16 , 18 , 26 , 30 ].…”

“…Establishing a KT program in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) while striving to maintain excellent outcomes and adhere to ethical legal standards is often a formidable and difficult task, requiring expertise and support from developed countries. Maintenance of a KT program is also an extremely complex task in countries with limited resources[ 5 , 16 - 18 ].…”