Kidney nanotoxicity studied in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line TH1

Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials: Advanced In Vitro Models and High Throughput Methods for Human Hazard Assessment—A Review

“…The literature search resulted in 59 papers for “genotoxicity & 3D in vitro model”, 73 papers for “genotoxicity & advanced in vitro model”, 134 papers for “genotoxicity & high throughput”, eight papers for “genotoxicity & high throughput & nanomaterials” [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] and six papers for “genotoxicity & high throughput & nanoparticles” (4 are the same as for “genotoxicity & high throughput & nanomaterials”) [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 ], seven papers for “genotoxicity & organ on chip“ [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], seven papers for “genotoxicity & 3D models & nanoparticles” [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], 11 papers for “genotoxicity & 3D models & nanomaterials” [ 30 , 31 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ] for the period of 20 years (2000–2020), whereby the year 2020 was considered only from January to August. ( Table 1 ).…”

“…The literature search resulted in 59 papers for "genotoxicity & 3D in vitro model", 73 [16][17][18][19]21,22], seven papers for "genotoxicity & organ on chip" [23][24][25][26][27][28][29], seven papers for "genotoxicity & 3D models & nanoparticles" [30][31][32][33][34][35][36], 11 papers for "genotoxicity & 3D models & nanomaterials" [30,31,33,[36][37][38][39][40][41] for the period of 20 years (2000-2020), whereby the year 2020 was considered only from January to August. (Table 1).…”

“…When NMs are suspended in CCM or other biological fluids, they change their particle surface, the associated particle-particle and particle-cell interactions [ 99 , 100 ]. This is dependent on the characteristics of the primary NM (composition, size, shape, surface chemistry) and the properties of the surrounding fluid (pH, ionic strength, protein content, temperature) [ 16 , 17 ]. CCM containing fetal bovine serum leads to a formation of so-called protein coronas, which change the physicochemical nature and toxicological behavior of the NMs so enormously, that they cannot be compared any longer to untreated NM stock solutions [ 99 ].…”

“…DNA strand breaks can be evaluated by the comet assay which is the method of choice for measuring DNA damage in cellular DNA [ 124 ]. This assay (also known as single cell gel electrophoresis) is a simple, robust, reliable and user-friendly method, widely used for many years for genotoxicity testing of chemicals, and it is the most commonly applied method to test genotoxicity of NMs [ 17 ]. The high sensitivity of the assay, detecting from about 100 up to several thousand breaks per cell, allows detection also of weak genotoxic agents.…”

Introduction to hCOMET special issue, ‘Comet assay in vitro’

“…The human renal proximal tubule epithelial (TH1) cell line is promising, as it retains renal functions and shows normal, contact-inhibited, anchorage-dependent growth. Sramkova et al [10] used TH1 cells as a model system for testing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of titanium dioxide, silica, magnetite and gold in nanoparticle form. They were taken up by the cells to varying extents, and none induced either DNA strand breaks or oxidised bases.…”