Kidney manifestations of diabetes mellitus – A Review

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, especially T2DM is on the increase worldwide and in a developing country like India, as of date approximately 30 -40% are identified to have DM. Sedentary life style, obesity, increased BMI, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, delayed diagnosis, metabolic syndrome are some of the factors that lead to the development of DM. Extensive research have been conducted in this field and still more studies are being undertaken. The first organ affected in all uncontrolled DM patients is the kidney, followed by liver and cardiac. Kidney disease predominantly account for increased mortality among T2DM and is the main cause of CKD as well as DN. Treatment of CKD due to uncontrolled T2DM is still controversial because of the scarcity of evidence available. MA plays a significant role in screening pre and established DM. Increased levels of urate are identified as one of the metabolic disturbances in T2DM. This review article highlights the research findings during the last two decades on the manifestations of kidney disease in T2DM.