Kidney Function and Damage

Braun, Jean‐Pierre; Lefebvre, Henri

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-370491-7.00016-7

Cited by 57 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 433 publications

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“…Serum urea and creatinine levels are commonly used in veterinary medicine as indirect markers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to estimate renal function in dogs. However, these are delayed markers of renal failure as substantial variations in these parameters are only observed when approximately 75% of the functional renal mass is lost and can be influenced by nonrenal factors. For example, urea can vary due to a high protein diet and both markers (urea and creatinine) are modified by age, hydration status, and muscle mass .…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Oral Prednisone Administration on Serum Cystatin C in Dogs

Múñoz

Soblechero

Duque

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundOral administration of glucocorticoid alters serum cystatin C (sCysC) concentration in humans.ObjectiveTo determine if oral administration of prednisone alters sCysC in dogs without pre‐existing renal disease.AnimalsForty six dogs were included: 10 dogs diagnosed with steroid responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA; group A), 20 dogs diagnosed of pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH; group B), and 16 healthy control dogs (group C).MethodsRetrospective observational study. SRMA diagnosed dogs were administered prednisone 4 mg/kg/24 h PO 7 days, reducing the dose to 2 mg/kg/24 h 7 days before medication withdrawal. In group A, sampling was performed at days 0, 7, 14 and a final control at day 21. Blood and urine samples were collected in the 3 groups, and in group A, sampling was performed at all time points (days 1, 7, 14, and 21).ResultsIn group A, sCysC was significantly higher at day 7 compared to the control group (0.4 ± 0.04 mg/L vs. 0.18 ± 0.03 mg/L mean ± SEM respectively P < 0.01); sCysC values decreased to basal at day 14 when the dose was decreased and after 1 week of withdrawal of prednisone (0.27 ± 0.03 mg/L for group A at day 14 and 0.15 ± 0.02 mg/L at day 21; P > 0.05). Dogs with PDH included in group B did not have significant differences in sCysC (0.22 ± 0.03 mg/L) compared to control (P > 0.05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOral administration of prednisone unlike altered endogenous glucocorticoid production, increases sCysC in dogs in a dose‐dependent fashion.

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Oral Prednisone Administration on Serum Cystatin C in Dogs

Múñoz

Soblechero

Duque

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Evaluation of CKD has mainly relied on testing renal function. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered to be the best index of renal function . However, determination of GFR requires special equipment and rigorous sampling methods, which are impractical in clinical practice .…”

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confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin in Cats with Naturally Occurring Chronic Kidney Disease

Wang

Hsu

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundNeutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a biomarker for the early prediction of renal damage and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans and dogs.HypothesisNeutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin also may play a role in the progression of CKD in cats.AnimalsEighty CKD and 18 control cats.MethodsCats were categorized into different stages according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging system. Urine and plasma samples were collected and tested for NGAL concentrations using an in‐house sandwich ELISA system and urinary NGAL (uNGAL)‐to‐creatinine ratio (UNCR) was determined. Cats in which serum creatinine concentration increased by >0.5 mg/dL from baseline within 30 days were defined as exhibiting progression.ResultsThe urinary NGAL and UNCR of CKD cats were significantly higher than those of healthy cats (P < .05) and were highly correlated with serum creatinine concentration. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for uNGAL, when predicting the progression of CKD, was 0.71 and the best cutoff value was 2.06 ng/mL with a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 75%. The AUROC for UNCR when predicting the progression of CKD was 0.79 and the best cutoff value was 4.08 × 10−6 with a sensitivity of 76.9% and specificity of 79.2%. Cats with UNCR values higher than their cutoffs experienced significantly faster deterioration with a median of 19 days.ConclusionsBoth urinary NGAL and UNCR are useful markers for the prediction of CKD progression in cats.

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“…Its concentration in blood depends on muscle injury, physical efforts and also meat intake in the case of carnivorous. It is filtered by the renal glomeruli, so renal glomerular lesions are verified by increased creatinine and urea [46,47]. These values did not differ among groups and times (Figure 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic effects induced by intralesional injection of ω-conotoxin MVIIC after spinal cord injury in rats

Oliveira

Silva

Lavor

et al. 2014

J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis

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BackgroundCalcium channel blockers such as conotoxins have shown a great potential to reduce brain and spinal cord injury. MVIIC neuroprotective effects analyzed in in vitro models of brain and spinal cord ischemia suggest a potential role of this toxin in preventing injury after spinal cord trauma. However, previous clinical studies with MVIIC demonstrated that clinical side effects might limit the usefulness of this drug and there is no research on its systemic effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential toxic effects of MVIIC on organs and to evaluate clinical and blood profiles of rats submitted to spinal cord injury and treated with this marine toxin. Rats were treated with placebo or MVIIC (at doses of 15, 30, 60 or 120 pmol) intralesionally following spinal cord injury. Seven days after the toxin administration, kidney, brain, lung, heart, liver, adrenal, muscles, pancreas, spleen, stomach, and intestine were histopathologically investigated. In addition, blood samples collected from the rats were tested for any hematologic or biochemical changes.ResultsThe clinical, hematologic and biochemical evaluation revealed no significant abnormalities in all groups, even in high doses. There was no significant alteration in organs, except for degenerative changes in kidneys at a dose of 120 pmol.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that MVIIC at 15, 30 and 60 pmol are safe for intralesional administration after spinal cord injury and could be further investigated in relation to its neuroprotective effects. However, 120 pmol doses of MVIIC may provoke adverse effects on kidney tissue.

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Kidney Function and Damage

Cited by 57 publications

References 433 publications

Effects of Oral Prednisone Administration on Serum Cystatin C in Dogs

Effects of Oral Prednisone Administration on Serum Cystatin C in Dogs

Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin in Cats with Naturally Occurring Chronic Kidney Disease

Systemic effects induced by intralesional injection of ω-conotoxin MVIIC after spinal cord injury in rats

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