Abstract:Introduction:Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the most complicated stone surgery technique to learn. The steep learning curve is related mainly to obtaining precise renal access by puncturing the targeted calyx. A minimally misaligned puncture may lead to torrential bleeding, failure of the surgery, and complications. Renal puncture can take a long time, and the increased fluoroscopic time is a hazard for the patient and surgeon.Methods:To aid in renal puncture and overcome the learning curve associated with le… Show more
“…Pigs are used as an experimental model for urological and endourological procedures, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy 8 , 9 , percutaneous renal access 10 , ureterocalicostomy (open and laparoscopic) 11 and kidney transplantation 3 , 12 .…”
“…Pigs are used as an experimental model for urological and endourological procedures, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy 8 , 9 , percutaneous renal access 10 , ureterocalicostomy (open and laparoscopic) 11 and kidney transplantation 3 , 12 .…”
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