Traffic accident causing a great number of death and injury is a serious problem in all over the world. One of the simple but effective ways of reducing the number of death and injury caused by traffic accidents is increasing the use of safety belt. However, the effect of use of safety belt on the number of death and injury caused by traffic accidents is scarcely studied in Turkey. To fill this gab, this current study investigated the relationship between the rate of use of safety belt and the number of death and injury caused by traffic accidents in all of the 81 provinces in Turkey. This relationship was analyzed in terms of drivers, passengers, driving in urban and rural areas in details. Data were obtained from the Turkish National Police Headquarters via a valid permission. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Simple Regression. Findings showed that there is no significant relationship between rate of use of safety belt and the number of death caused by traffic accidents. But, significant relationships were found between the rate of use of safety belt and the number injury caused by traffic accidents for some cases.