Khayelitsha: Policy Change or Crisis Response?

Cook, G. P.

doi:10.2307/622070

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In 1983 the apartheid government established a settlement of housing structures on undesirable land where the growing Black African population could be housed as a ready source of labour for the White population, without infringing on the land and services protected for use by Whites only. 19 By the mid-1990s, rapid inmigration from older neighbouring townships and elsewhere in the country had increased Khayelitsha's population significantly, a pattern that continues to the present day. Today, approximately 10% of the total population of Cape Town live in Khayelitsha, a dense and almost universally Black African, isiXhosa-speaking area.…”

Section: Early Fertility and Parenthood In The South African Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The problem or the solution? Early fertility and parenthood in the transition to adulthood in Khayelitsha, South Africa

Swartz

Harrison

2018

Reproductive Health Matters

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In South Africa, early fertility and teenage pregnancy have become a central focus of both political and public health concern. In this article, we explore the ways that young men and women have used their fertility and performance of parenthood to navigate the transition from childhood to adulthood. For these young people, the persistent inequities related to income poverty, inadequate education, lack of employment opportunities and a high burden of disease remain significant barriers to achieving this transition. This article draws on ethnographic data collected between 2014 and early 2016 with young adults (17-25 years) in Town Two, Khayelitsha. Participant observation was the primary data collection method. Narratives and experiences of 15 young people are presented here. We argue that in addition to immediate fertility desires, young people's contraceptive decision-making was significantly shaped by gendered ideals and social norms. Young women's fertility operated as both an aspiration and a threat within partnerships. Some couples partially achieved relationship stability or longevity through having a child. Entering parenthood in the context of a seemingly stable relationship was perceived as a movement towards an accepted, albeit tenuous, form of social adulthood. Although living up to the ideal of good parent was challenging, it was partially achieved by young mothers who provided care and young fathers who provided financially for children. In the absence of other accepted markers of transition to adulthood and within a context of deprivation and exclusion, early fertility, though clearly a public health problem, can become a solution to social circumstances.

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Section: Early Fertility and Parenthood In The South African Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The problem or the solution? Early fertility and parenthood in the transition to adulthood in Khayelitsha, South Africa

Swartz

Harrison

2018

Reproductive Health Matters

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“…The squatter camps, unlike those which developed during and after the Second World War, have been largely segregated in the 1970s and 1980s . The rehousing of Coloured squatters has been the responsibility of local authorities, whereas Black squatters were the responsibility of various central government agencies (Cook, 1986) . Thus Coloured and Black people were, in large measure, segregated from one another in the squatter camps, and the former were A .…”

Section: Blacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apartheid and Urban Segregation Levels in South Africa

Christopher

1990

Urban Studies

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The policy of apartheid, or racial separation, in South Africa has been one of the most controversial political problems in the latter part of the 20th century. Levels of racial segregation in South African cities have risen markedly in the 20th century as a consequence of legislative programmes, which have also had the result of introducing greater uniformity between the provinces (although the colonial heritage has not been eliminated entirely) . The process would appear to have reached its conclusion with a lessening of intent on the part of the government and the survival of some elements of colonial integration . Urban segregation levels have attained remarkably high levels, although the goal of total separation has eluded the White legislators .

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“…In recognizing the importance of black labor, some employers provided accommodation for laborers on their premises. Cook (1986) also discovered that from 1901, the hostels started to emerge. This type of dwelling was meant for single male migrants, which immediately became a family accommodation unit, which accommodated a ratio of single to 1.5 families per unit.…”

Section: Types Of Migration In and Around 1956mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colonial drive was still lingering in the shift of policy content, which was open to migrant settlement in urban areas. Cook (1986) stated that the colonial drive persisted towards the segregation of races in the new shift in policy content. In recognizing the importance of black labor, some employers provided accommodation for laborers on their premises.…”

Section: Types Of Migration In and Around 1956mentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of the heritage of the 1956 South African water policy

Maphela

2016

Environmental Economics

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Purpose: Water management issues in poor communities in South Africa were never addressed directly by apartheid policies. The 1956 water policy was found not to be holistic in the management of the resource within the country. The growing economy of South Africa resulted in explosive urbanization, which gave rise to an increasing number of townships. The purpose of the paper is, therefore, threefold, namely: it outlines the water management challenges resulting from the 1956 water policy, it outlines the progression of implementing the apartheid ideologies in water management and, lastly, it relates the old policy of water management to today’s environment. The 1956 water policy had a colonial perspective, thus, this has created an observable challenge in the current endeavors of the water management regime. These challenges are presented in the paper in an effort to illustrate that the failures of today’s policies are largely historically embedded. Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive framework of the evolution of the water management regime from the DWA’s library was used. Databases that contained historical policies of South Africa were also used to do a rigorous literature review. Because of the nature of the research, the study, therefore, uses both qualitative and quantitative methods of investigation. Findings: The old apartheid policies created a challenging ideological environment in the townships. This has resulted in the difficulty of implementing the current water policy in water management. The unintended consequences are difficult to factor into the current policies. Over time, communities collaborated and became defiant. The defiance of the water policy by the communities resulted in non-payment for the use of the resource. Implications: The challenges surfacing in the paper seem to imply that the current policy implementation in water management has an observable challenge that has a potential of hindering policy discourse in water management. Originality/value: New democracies have a tendency of being overly ambitious about the inclusive nature of the policy discourse. Ideologically, this means that implementation of the new policies cannot be done without challenges. This paper attempts to highlight that the 1956 water policy systematically created certain social norms and ideologies that have the potential to hinder new policy ideals in the townships. Keywords: water policy, black townships, apartheid ideologies, social dilemmas and water management practices. JEL Classification: Q25, J71

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Khayelitsha: Policy Change or Crisis Response?

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

The problem or the solution? Early fertility and parenthood in the transition to adulthood in Khayelitsha, South Africa

The problem or the solution? Early fertility and parenthood in the transition to adulthood in Khayelitsha, South Africa

Apartheid and Urban Segregation Levels in South Africa

The evaluation of the heritage of the 1956 South African water policy

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