Khat use and Its Determinants among University students in Northwest Ethiopia: A multivariable analysis

Dachew, Berihun Assefa; Bifftu, Berhanu Boru; Tiruneh, Bewket Tadesse

doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2015.1809201460

Cited by 20 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This finding is in agreement with study conducted among university students in Northwest Ethiopia [35]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This result is in line with that of a previous study at Gondar University [35]. A possible explanation for this finding could be that substance use is not supported by religious teaching [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, the prevalence is higher than that found at Addis Ababa University and Gondar University and at four other colleges in North West Ethiopia [10, 35, 36]. The possible reasons for the different rates could be differences in the study settings, such as access to khat, and factors outside the university environment, for example in Jimma town chewing khat is more common and is normalized by the community [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Prevalence, withdrawal symptoms and associated factors of khat chewing among students at Jimma University in Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRecently, khat chewing has become a common practice among high school, college, and university students. Regular khat chewing is thought to be a predisposing factor for different physical and mental health problems. It can lead to absenteeism from work and classes. In Ethiopia, to our knowledge no published study has investigated khat withdrawal symptoms. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence, withdrawal symptoms, and associated factors of khat chewing among regular undergraduate students on the main campus of Jimma University in Ethiopia.MethodsThe institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2016. Data were collected from 651 main campus regular undergraduate students with a structured, self-administered questionnaire, entered into Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for Windows. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to explore associations and identify variables independently associated with khat chewing.ResultsThe study found that the lifetime and current prevalence of khat chewing among students were 26.3% (95% CI: 24.3, 28.3) and 23.9% (95% CI: 21.94, 25.86), respectively. About 25.7% of students started chewing after joining university, and 60.5% of these students started during their first year. The main reason given for starting khat chewing was for study purposes (54.6%), followed by socialization purposes (42.3%). Among current khat chewers, 72.9% reported that they had chewed khat for 1 year or more and 68.2% reported that they had experienced various withdrawal symptoms. The most frequently reported withdrawal symptoms were feeling depressed, craving, and feeling fatigued. Being male, attending a place of worship daily/2–3 times per week, cannabis use, smoking cigarettes, and having family members currently chewing khat were independently associated with khat chewing.ConclusionsThis study found that large numbers of university students were currently chewing khat. In this study withdrawal symptoms and factors that significantly affect khat chewing were identified. Besides it gave new ideas regarding khat withdrawal symptoms in Ethiopia. It serves as a critical role of providing information to form rational foundation for public health policy, prevention and planning to bring change in contributing factors for Khat chewing. The finding will be serving as base line information for further study.

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“…This finding is in agreement with study conducted among university students in Northwest Ethiopia [35]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence, withdrawal symptoms and associated factors of khat chewing among students at Jimma University in Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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“…However, our study findings were nearly similar with findings from ahospital based study carried out in Dessie, northeast Ethiopia (66.94%) [35]. Khat use was more prevalent among male patients than female patients (75.3% vs.34.7%), which is in line with the previous Ethiopian studies from Gondar, Jimma, Ataye and Dilla [30,31,36,37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, in this study the association between khat use and mental disorders was not statistically significant, which is contrary to a review of khat use in different countries [24][25][26][27]. Cigarette smokers were 3 times more likely to use khat when compared to nonsmokers which is consistent with studies from Jimma and Gondar, Ethiopia [30,36].…”

Section: Khat Use Cor(95% Ci) Aor(95% Ci) P-valuecontrasting

confidence: 62%

Khat Use in Persons with Mental Illness in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tolu¹,

Krahl²

2015

J Addict Res Ther

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Spatial Distribution and Factors Associated with Khat Chewing among Adult Males 15-59 Years in Ethiopia Using a Secondary Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis

Tessema

Amare

2020

Psychiatry Journal

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Background. Khat chewing has become prevalent in the world due to the improvement of road and air transportation. In Ethiopia, khat chewing is more prevalent and widely practiced by men. Khat has a negative effect on social, economic, and mental health. There is variation in khat cultivation, use, and factors that associated with khat chewing in the Ethiopian regions. Therefore, this study is aimed at showing spatial distribution and factors associated with khat chewing among male adults 15-59 years in Ethiopia. Methods. A total of 12,594 men were included in this study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to show the spatial distribution of chewing khat among adult men in Ethiopia. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for chewing khat in Ethiopia. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with khat chewing. A P value < 0.05 was taken to declare statistically significant predictors. Results. The EDHS 2016 survey showed that the high proportion of chewing khat was found in Dire Dawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somali, and Benishangul Gumuz regions. In spatial scan statistics analysis, a total of 126 clusters (LLR=946.60, P value < 0.001) were identified. Age group 30-44 years old (AOR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.86) and 45-59 years old (AOR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.61), being single (AOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.12), Muslim religion followers (AOR=15.03, 95% CI: 11.90, 18.90), media exposed (AOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86), had work (AOR=2.48, 95% CI: 2.08, 2.95), alcohol drinker (AOR=3.75, 95% CI: 3.10, 4.53), and region (Afar, Amhara, Benishangul Gumuz, Gambela, Harari, Oromia, Somali, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR), and Tigray) and two cities (Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa) were statistically significant factors affecting chewing khat in Ethiopia. Conclusions. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of khat chewing among adult men was nonrandom. A high proportion of khat chewing was observed in Dire Dawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somali, and Benishangul Gumuz regions. Older age group, being single marital status, alcohol drinker, media unexposed, had no work, and Muslim religion follower were factors affecting khat chewing. Policymakers should be given spatial attention in reducing the prevalence of chewing khat by teaching the health impact of khat chewing through media in the identified regions.

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Khat use and Its Determinants among University students in Northwest Ethiopia: A multivariable analysis

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence, withdrawal symptoms and associated factors of khat chewing among students at Jimma University in Ethiopia

Prevalence, withdrawal symptoms and associated factors of khat chewing among students at Jimma University in Ethiopia

Khat Use in Persons with Mental Illness in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Spatial Distribution and Factors Associated with Khat Chewing among Adult Males 15-59 Years in Ethiopia Using a Secondary Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis

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