Keys to minimizing the risk of spinal cord trauma during a lumbar approach to thoracic epidural

A safe and effective technique for application of a multi-level cervical epidural blood patch

“…The initial attempt with the Pajunk stimulating catheter may have failed because of the relative stiffness of its stylet. 4 The Arrow Flexitip epidural catheter was subsequently used because it produced the least trauma 5 and could provide neurostimulation due to its metal reinforcing coil.…”

Failed epidural but an inadvertent paravertebral block in a patient with severe scoliosis

“…Furthermore, a stimulating epidural catheter would have accurately positioned the needle in the epidural space. [ 8 ]…”