Keynes’s General Theory for Today

Jespersen, Jesper; Madsen, Mogens

doi:10.4337/9781781009529

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…This apparent diffusivity-perfusion mismatch points to oxygen permeability disturbances at the microvasculature level, which are not identical to hemodynamic impairments. The observed decrease in oxygen diffusivity may further be related to capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTH), 11 a potential modulator of oxygen diffusivity, 7 which is reportedly increased in ICAS. 3 In contrast to more sophisticated gas inhalation-based methods, 7 our proposed approach is readily applicable in clinical settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temporal dynamics of arteriolar diameter and capillary perfusion during cortical spreading depolarization: An optical coherence tomography study M. Anzabi 1,3 , B. Li 2 , H. Wang 2 , S. Kura 2 , S. Sakadžić 2 , D. Boas 2 , L. Østergaaard 1 and C. Ayata 3,4 and recurrent CSDs seemingly emerges as a result of tissue hypoxia, 8 and the phenomenon has been linked to the progression of tissue injury in animal studies of subarachnoid hemorrhage, 9 traumatic brain injury, 10 and cortical infarction. 11 In the current study, we examined whether arteriolar constriction or maldistribution of capillary flow is the primary hemodynamic event in relation to CSD and whether the degree of capillary flow disturbances affects CSD-related changes in upstream arteriolar diameter. Methods: Two consecutive CSDs, separated by approximately 22 minutes, were induced by focal application of KCl in mice.…”

Section: Pl03-w07mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both 2TCM and LGA provide suitable quantification of [ 11 C]T2310 V T and yield similar results with an estimated [ 11 C]T2310 BP ND of 1-2 in high binding regions. Compared with previous PDE4D tracer candidates, [ 11 C]T2310 demonstrated similar uptake with potentially higher specific binding and is a promising radioligand to measure PDE4D in clinical studies. drug, typically acetazolamide (ACZ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[ 11 C]T2310 images were normalized into cynomolgus atlas space and time-activity curves were obtained for brain regions: anterior cingulate, cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlpfc), enthorinal and occipital cortices. Volume of distribution (V T ) was estimated with the 2-tissue compartment model (2TCM) and Logan graphical analysis (LGA, t* ¼ 30 min) using the full kinetic data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Breaking Abstracts

2019

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Objectives: PET system with silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) has been developed and clinically available. The Biograph Vision is the third commercial SiPM-based PET/ CT system, which introduces SiPM and 3.2 mm lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) crystal. We aimed to optimize reconstruction parameters for brain PET scans with the Biograph Vision. Methods: A PET scan with Hoffman brain phantom injected with [ 18 F]FDG was performed during 30 minutes. The acquired phantom data was reconstructed by ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm applying with time-of-flight (TOF) and point spread function (PSF) correction [OSEMþTOFþPSF]. Reconstruction by OSEM with TOF without PSF correction [OSEMþTOF] and filtered back projection (FBP) with TOF [FBPþTOF] were also performed. Iteration for OSEM was varied by 1 to 30. Post reconstruction Gaussian filter was also varied by 0, 3, 5 mm full width half maximum (FWHM) for OSEMþTOF and FBPþTOF. Subset for OSEM was fixed to 5. Image matrix and voxel sizes of reconstructed image were 440 x 440 x 159 voxels and 0.825 x 0.825 x 1.646 mm, 3 respectively. To evaluate contrast and variability, regions of interest (ROI) were manually drawn on gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and centrum semiovale (CS). The GM/WM contrast was calculated with {(radioactivity concentration on GM)/ (radioactivity concentration on WM)-1} * 100%. The coefficient of variability (CV) was calculated with (standard deviation in CS)/ (radioactivity concentration on CS) * 100%. To test the optimized reconstruction parameters for actual brain PET scans, [ 18 F]FDG brain PET data acquired with a healthy volunteer was also reconstructed by OSEMþTOFþPSF, OSEMþTOF and FBPþTOF with the optimized parameters. Results: Higher GM/WM contrast was observed in images reconstructed by OSEMþTOFþPSF than OSEMþ TOF and FBPþTOF. The highest contrast was observed with OSEMþTOFþPSF, iteration 8. OSEMþTOF with 3 mm FWHM post filter resulted in lower CV than other algorithms. OSEMþTOFþPSF with iteration 4 and subset 5 approached the ideal condition (100% contrast and 0% CV) the best among all conditions. The brain [ 18 F]FDG images for the healthy volunteer, reconstructed with the optimized parameters, were shown in Figure. Apparently higher contrast with OSEMþTOFþPSF was observed than the other algorithms. However, unnaturally high activities on edges in the images reconstructed by OSEMþTOFþPSF, such as Gibbs artifacts, were also observed (see white arrow in Figure). Conclusion: OSEMþTOFþPSF for data acquired with the Biograph Vision can achieve much high contrast brain PET images. Further study to investigate the artifacts due to PSF correction is required for quantitative brain PET studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pl03-w07mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Breaking Abstracts

2019

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…The PESA study R Toribio-Fernandez 1,2 , M Cortes-Canteli 2 , J Gispert 2,3 , G Salvad o 3 , C Tristao-Pereira 2 , L Fernandez-Friera 2,4 , J Sanchez-Gonzalez 5 , B Ibanez 1,2,4 , J Molinuevo 3 and V Fuster 2,6 1 Instituto De Investigacion Sanitaria Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD) 2 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) 3 Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation 4 CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) 5 Philips Healthcare Iberia 6 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Abstract Background: Atherosclerosis has been linked to cognitive decline in late life; however, the impact of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and subclinical atherosclerosis on brain metabolism at earlier stages remains unexplored. Aim: To determine the association between brain metabolism, subclinical atherosclerosis and CVRFs in middleaged asymptomatic individuals.…”

Section: Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Brain Metabolism In Middle-a...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Presentations

2022

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Sheila Dow, Jesper Jerspersen, and Geoff Tily, eds., The General Theory and Keynes for the 21st Century (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2018), pp. ix + 208, $130 (hardcover). ISBN: 9781786439871.

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2019

J Hist Econ Thought

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The purpose of this set of essays-challenging the drift of mainstream opinion away from John Maynard Keynes's macroeconomic thinking-is to emphasize the continuing relevance for the twenty-first century of Keynes's analysis of the working of what he called "a monetary production economy," and, as well, the propriety of Keynes's particular method of "doing economics." Chapters 1, 5, and 6 give attention to the substance of Keynes's theory and to the nature of his methodology. In chapter 1 Victoria Chick summarizes what she sees as Keynes's principal contributions to economic understanding, and asks what, as regards these, might be the implications of recent changes in the economy. She identifies the principle of effective demand as being of primary importance today. She is certainly right in so doing. Recognition of the importance of effective demand means recognition of two presently out-of-fashion but key implications of the General Theory (hereinafter GT): that demand-deficient unemployment is involuntary, and that an austerity policy as a means of deficit reduction is misconceived. Chick takes Keynes's theories of investment and consumption still to be basically sound (though, with deregulation and financialization, the complexity and instability of the financial system have increased and the means of financing of both investment and consumption have altered). Today the money supply is endogenous rather than exogenous (as Keynes assumed in the GT). Chick notes that the banks are nowadays a much less important source of investment funding, a fact that calls into question Keynes's dictum that it is investment (made possible by prior bank lending) that creates saving, rather than vice versa. Despite the changes to the system, she considers the liquidity preference theory of interest "entirely applicable to present circumstances," even if we now need to take account of the liquidity preference of the banks. Apart from the content per se of the Keynes theory, Chick concludes that the methodology of the General Theory, which she describes as being "streets ahead of its time" (p. 14), must be retained. To follow Keynes's methodological lead, her advice is: "Start with the economy as it is; find the relevant simplifications; acknowledge time and uncertainty and the ubiquitous influence of money and finance. Leave the system open to future development, and use closure only as a temporary measure" (p. 14). Keynes makes the working of a complex, interdependent economic system, existing in real time, intelligible by first examining individually its main elements (investment, consumption, etc.)-by whatever methods are appropriate-then bringing these components together to investigate their interactions within the complete system. Likewise, the implications of time and continuing change are rendered manageable by utilizing equilibrium analysis to pin down initially what happens in the short run and only subsequently allowing long-term expectations to affect capacity through investment. Anna Carabelli and Mario Cedrini (chap...

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Keynes’s General Theory for Today

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Late Breaking Abstracts

Late Breaking Abstracts

Oral Presentations

Sheila Dow, Jesper Jerspersen, and Geoff Tily, eds., The General Theory and Keynes for the 21st Century (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2018), pp. ix + 208, $130 (hardcover). ISBN: 9781786439871.

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