Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin in Experimental Bladder Cancer

Immunodominant role of CCHA subunit of Concholepas hemocyanin is associated with unique biochemical properties

“…Several different protocols have been used to study the antitumor activity of potential pharmacological substances using murine bladder cancer models. For instance, the number of tumor cells used in subcutaneous or intravesical challenge experiments ranged from 1000 to 2,500,000 cells per animal; treatment with hemocyanins was given with different schedules, with or without preimmunization, with doses ranging from 10 mg to 1.000 mg, with or without priming [30,45]. Hence, the choice of the immunization protocol was based in our previous work, where number of MBT-2 cells, dose and time interval of immunotherapy with whole CCH and KLH were established [30].…”

Hemocyanins in the Immunotherapy of Superficial Bladder Cancer

“…In group 1, with subcutaneous administration, tumors developed in only 50% of cases. The tumor growth was significantly slower in group 1 than group 2 (Linn et al, 2000). The results described above demonstrated promising potential for the use of KLH in SBC therapy.…”

“…In addition, tumor cells can be established subcutaneously (heterotopically) or in the bladder (orthotopically) by either transplantation or chemical induction, allowing the investigation of clinical aspects such as pharmacokinetics and toxicity (Gunther et al, 1999;Linn et al, 2000;Arentsen et al, 2009). The first controlled study of a hemocyanin as immunotherapy in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer was published in the 1980s by the Lamm group (Lamm et al, 1981).…”

Mollusk Hemocyanins as Natural Immunostimulants in Biomedical Applications

“…Subcutaneous sensitization with 1 mg of KLH, followed by intravesical and subcutaneous administration twice weekly, led to a decrease of BBN-induced bladder tumors (Recker and Rubben, 1989). A subsequent study demonstrated that subcutaneous administration was more effective than intravesical instillation in terms of tumor growth and rats bearing tumors (Linn et al, 2000).…”