Key technology and application of millimeter wave communications for 5G: a survey

Xu, Xin; Liu, Mei; Xiong, Jiang; Lei, Gaowei

doi:10.1007/s10586-018-1831-x

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Many researchers have done a lot of research on the communication system of 5G technology. Xu et al [15] This rectangular waveguide can also be used in 5G communication technology. Roger et al [20] believed that the thematic challenge of 5G technology is enhanced car networking technology.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Allocation Method of 5G Communication System Resources Assisted by Artificial Intelligence Technology

Liu

2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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5G technology has been rapidly developed under the trend of utilization in various countries. It is an information dissemination technology with faster and more stable transmission speed. Compared with 4G technology, 5G technology has a low delay rate and higher transmission speed, and it can be applied in tasks such as the Internet of Vehicles and the transmission of 3D images. For 5G technology, the communication system is a huge challenge. It not only needs to deal with the transmission speed between users and users but also needs to deal with the efficiency between users and channels. 5G researchers will spend a lot of material and financial resources to solve these problems. This study uses artificial intelligence technology to analyze its application in resource allocation of 5G communication systems. It also uses the collaborative filtering algorithm to realize the automatic recommendation and matching problem of 5G communication system resources. The research results show that artificial intelligence technology has good feasibility in the resource allocation problem of 5G communication system. It can achieve the resource allocation task of 5G technology communication system with high efficiency and accuracy, and all prediction errors are within 3% for the characteristics of the three 5G communication systems in this study.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Allocation Method of 5G Communication System Resources Assisted by Artificial Intelligence Technology

Liu

2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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“…Notably, even a minor temperature fluctuation of 0.1 °C can lead to an 80% plummet in performance, resulting in wavelength drift and signal disruption. 6,9 With over 2 million 5G base stations deployed globally, there exists an urgent annual requirement for precise temperature control solutions for 200 million optical modules. 10 Micro thermoelectric devices (m-TED) are currently the most viable solution within the existing technology scope, promising extensive market potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We are currently navigating the waves of the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by rapid advancements in the optoelectronics industry. , These developments have imposed elevated demands on optical devices, which play significant roles within the industry. − These devices include optical modules in 5G communication, laser lidars enabling intelligent perception, and infrared detectors in missile guidance. − Not only do these components require high-level integration and compactness but they also demand precise temperature control. Consider, for instance, the optical module, which is a pivotal component of 5G optical communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Failure Mechanism of Micro Thermoelectric Devices under the Action of the Temperature Field

Lyu,

Yang,

Liu

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The micro thermoelectric device (m-TED) boasts features such as adjustable volume, straightforward structure, and precise, rapid temperature control, positioning it as the only current solution for managing the temperature of microelectronic systems. It is extensively utilized in 5G optical modules, laser lidars, and infrared detection. Nevertheless, as the size of the m-TED diminishes, the growing proportion of interface damages the device's operational reliability, constraining the advancement of the m-TED. In this study, we used commercially available bismuth telluride materials to construct the m-TED. The device's reliability was tested under various temperatures: −40, 85, 125, and 150 °C. By deconstructing and analyzing the devices that failed during the tests, we discovered that the primary cause of device failure was the degradation of the solder layer. Moreover, we demonstrated that encapsulating the device with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) could effectively delay the deterioration of its performance. This study sparks new insights into the service reliability of m-TEDs and paves the way for further optimizing device interface design and enhancing the device manufacturing process.

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“…Consequently, because of the various 5G service needs (ultra-low latency, low power consumption, and high data rate), cost-effective backhauling in UDN is a vital issue that must be addressed [8] [9] [10]. Millimeter wave (mmwave) technology is cost-effective, and it only performs well for short-distance line-of-sight (LOS) communications [11]. Therefore, multi-hop routing is highly needed for mmwave backhauling in UDN to enhance the flexibility of path selection among wireless cells [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel Deployment and Performance Analysis of a Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for 5G Backhaul Networks Using Cloud and HPC Platforms

Aboulrous,

Abdelsamea,

El-Moursy

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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The main goals of fifth generation (5G) systems are to significantly increase the network capacity and to support new 5G service requirements. Ultra network densification with small cells is among the key pillars for 5G evolution. The inter-small-cell 5G backhaul network involves massive data traffic. Hence, it is important to have a centralized, efficient multi-hop routing protocol for backhaul networks to manage and speed up the routing decisions among small cells, while considering the 5G service requirements. This paper proposes a parallel multi-hop routing protocol to speed up routing decisions in 5G backhaul networks. To this end, we study the efficiency of utilizing the parallel platforms of cloud computing and high-performance computing (HPC) to manage and speed up the parallel routing protocol for different communication network sizes and set recommendations for utilizing cloud resources to adopt the parallel protocol. Our numerical results indicate that the HPC parallel implementation outperforms the cloud computing implementation, in terms of routing decision speed-up and scalability to large network sizes. In particular, for a large network size with 2048 nodes, our HPC implementation achieves a routing speed-up of 37x. However, the best routing speed-up achieved using our cloud computing implementation is 15.5x, and is recorded using one virtual machine (VM) for a network size of 1024 nodes. In summary, there is a trade-off between a better performance for HPC vs. flexible resources of cloud computing. Thus, choosing best fit platform for 5G routing protocols depends on the deployment scenarios at 5G core or edge network.INDEX TERMS 5G routing protocol, Cloud Radio Access Networks, Cloud computing, HPC, Ultra-Dense Network.

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Key technology and application of millimeter wave communications for 5G: a survey

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Optimal Allocation Method of 5G Communication System Resources Assisted by Artificial Intelligence Technology

Optimal Allocation Method of 5G Communication System Resources Assisted by Artificial Intelligence Technology

The Failure Mechanism of Micro Thermoelectric Devices under the Action of the Temperature Field

Parallel Deployment and Performance Analysis of a Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for 5G Backhaul Networks Using Cloud and HPC Platforms

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