Key Technologies, Modeling Approaches, and Challenges for Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Communications

Martín-Vega, Francisco J.; Aguayo-Torres, Mari Carmen; Gómez, Gerardo; Entrambasaguas, J.T.

doi:10.1109/mcom.2018.1800109

Cited by 53 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…MmWave signals are highly sensitive to blockage effects compared with low-frequency radio frequency (RF) signals. The blockage can be caused by relatively static obstacles such as buildings and mountainous terrain, or by mobile users such as walking people and vehicles [1], [2]. Two blockage models were proposed by the 3GPP study group on mmWave channel models [6].…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Sequence Design for mmWave Cellular Systems With Relay Stations in the Presence of Blockage

2020

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Due to short wavelength and weak diffraction ability, millimeter-wave (mmWave) signals are highly susceptible to blockage, which results in significant degradation in received signal power. As a possible solution for overcoming the blockage problem in millimeter-wave communication systems, the deployment of a relay station (RS) has been considered in recent years. In this paper, we discuss the problems to be considered in a relay-assisted mmWave cellular system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. We describe a frame structure and a pilot-based training method to achieve efficient RS selection during blockage. In addition, a method designed to overcome the inter-symbol interference problem caused by different symbol time offsets of pilot signals received from adjacent RSs in the relayassisted mmWave cellular system is discussed. Then, we propose two different types of pilot sequences that allow a mobile station to distinguish among the pilot sources in multi-cell multi-relay environments: pilot signals based on the Zadoff-Chu sequence (PS1) and pilot signals based on the m-sequence (PS2). The correlation property of PS2 is derived and compared with that of PS1 and another sequence (Gold sequence). Simulations are performed using a blockage model to verify the properties, constraints, and advantages and disadvantages of the proposed pilot sequences in RS-assisted mmWave cellular systems. INDEX TERMS Blockage, cellular system, mmWave, pilot sequence design, relay.

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Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Sequence Design for mmWave Cellular Systems With Relay Stations in the Presence of Blockage

2020

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“…The massive traffic of data produced by these sensors will require transfer rates in magnitudes of gigabits per second to communicate with other vehicles or road infrastructure. This capacity will allow bringing cloud computing to the era of autonomous driving [ 10 ]. Consequently, the demand for wireless techniques that support this high bandwidth has increased considerably in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterministic 3D Ray-Launching Millimeter Wave Channel Characterization for Vehicular Communications in Urban Environments

Rodríguez-Corbo

Azpilicueta

Celaya-Echarri

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The increasing demand for more sensors inside vehicles pursues the intention of making vehicles more “intelligent”. In this context, the vision of fully connected and autonomous cars is becoming more tangible and will turn into a reality in the coming years. The use of these intelligent transport systems will allow the integration of efficient performance in terms of route control, fuel consumption, and traffic administration, among others. Future vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication will require a wider bandwidth as well as lower latencies than current technologies can offer, to support high-constraint safety applications and data exhaustive information exchanges. To this end, recent investigations have proposed the adoption of the millimeter wave (mmWave) bands to achieve high throughput and low latencies. However, mmWave communications come with high constraints for implementation due to higher free-space losses, poor diffraction, poor signal penetration, among other channel impairments for these high-frequency bands. In this work, a V2X communication channel in the mmWave (28 GHz) band is analyzed by a combination of an empirical study and a deterministic simulation with an in-house 3D ray-launching algorithm. Multiple mmWave V2X links has been modeled for a complex heterogeneous urban scenario in order to capture and analyze different propagation phenomena, providing full volumetric estimation of frequency/power as well as time domain parameters. Large- and small-scale propagation parameters are obtained for a combination of different situations, taking into account the obstruction between the transceivers of vehicles of distinct sizes. These results can aid in the development of modeling techniques for the implementation of mmWave frequency bands in the vehicular context, with the capability of adapting to different scenario requirements in terms of network topology, user density, or transceiver location. The proposed methodology provides accurate wireless channel estimation within the complete volume of the scenario under analysis, considering detailed topological characteristics.

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“…Due to its wide bandwidth [1], [2] and high spectral efficiency [3]- [5], millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been considered as a key technique for 5th generation (5G) wireless communications to meet the significant growth of mobile traffic. Importantly, mmWave signals usually suffer from much high free-space path loss caused by high atmospheric attenuation [6], and even worse, these signals will suffer a greater path loss when they are blocked by obstacles such as buildings, foliage, and the user's body, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel NE-DFT Channel Estimation Scheme for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Vehicular Communications

Zhao¹,

Zou²

2020

IEEE Access

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Having the ability to provide an ultrafast and high-rate data exchange, millimeterwave (mmWave) massive MIMO has been viewed as one of the technologies with the most potential for vehicular cellular systems in next-generation wireless communications. To alleviate the adverse influence of huge path losses, beamforming techniques are always introduced in various mmWave systems to provide sufficient channel gains. However, it is important to note that the traditional channel estimation algorithms may no longer be available in vehicular cellular networks due to the rapid movements of pedestrians and vehicles. Under this condition, this paper proposes a noise elimination-based discrete Fourier transform (DFT) channel estimation strategy, namely, the NE-DFT channel estimation strategy, for mmWave vehicular communications. Specifically, we first use the iterative cancellation method to initially estimate all path parameters. Then, to further improve the estimate accuracy, we set a decision threshold to determine the authenticity of the estimated paths. Furthermore, the energy distribution of each path in the channel is analyzed, and an additional estimation scheme is designed that enables a more accurate estimation of the previously estimated paths, which uses the comparison value between the total channel matrix energy and the actual signal matrix energy as an auxiliary judgment to successively select the path with the minimum comparison value until a sufficient number of real paths are selected. Finally, the channel matrix is reconstructed using the estimated channel parameters. Simulation results verify that the proposed NE-DFT channel estimation scheme can achieve much better NMSE performance than the conventional scheme, even in comparison with the time-variant channel. INDEX TERMS Massive MIMO, millimeter-wave (mmWave), vehicular communication, channel estimation.

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Key Technologies, Modeling Approaches, and Challenges for Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Communications

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Pilot Sequence Design for mmWave Cellular Systems With Relay Stations in the Presence of Blockage

Pilot Sequence Design for mmWave Cellular Systems With Relay Stations in the Presence of Blockage

Deterministic 3D Ray-Launching Millimeter Wave Channel Characterization for Vehicular Communications in Urban Environments

A Novel NE-DFT Channel Estimation Scheme for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Vehicular Communications

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