Key Physiology of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation

Abstract

The physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) aggregates grown in a sequencing batch reactor was investigated quantitatively. The physiological pH and temperature ranges were 6.7 to 8.3 and 20 to 43°C, respectively. The affinity constants for the substrates ammonium and nitrite were each less than 0.1 mg of nitrogen per liter. The anammox process was completely inhibited by nitrite concentrations higher than 0.1 g of nitrogen per liter. Addition of trace amounts of either of the anammox intermediates (1.4 mg of nitrogen per liter of hydrazine or 0.7 mg of nitrogen per liter of hydroxylamine) restored activity completely.

Ecology and physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria

“…Jettenia' is considered a freshwater genus. The recent physiological study Egli et al, 2001Güven et al, 2005Strous et al 2006Dapena-Mora et al, 2007van der Star et al 2008Rattray et al, 2008Kartal et al, 2012Hu et al, 2013bKartal et al, 2013Russ et al, 2014Zhao et al, 2014Oshiki et al, 2011, b Strous et al, 1998, 1999bJetten et al, 2005Carvajal-Arroyo et al, 2013Puyol et al, 2013Kartal et al, 2008Gori et al, 2011Carvajal-Arroyo et al, 2013Puyol et al, 2013Lotti et al, 2014Kartal et al, 2007a…”

The anammoxosome: an intracytoplasmic compartment in anammox bacteria

“…Given that the maximum ammonium consumption rate is 55 lmol NH þ 4 /g protein/min [28], that 1 NH þ 4 gives rise to the consumption of 5 H þ in the riboplasm and the production of 4 H þ inside the anammoxosome and that 1 anammox cell contains 3 Â 10 À14 g protein, the amount of protons produced inside the anammoxosome at maximum ammonium consumption rate, V Hþmax in mole per second gives V Hþmax ¼ ð4 Ã 55 Â 10 À6 Ã 3 Â 10 À14 Þ=60 ¼ 1:1 Â 10 À19 mole H þ =s:…”

Aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria – competitors or natural partners?

“…A high anammox activity is detectable in a pH range between 6.4 and 8.3 and a temperature range between 20 and 43 ‡C [39]. Under optimal conditions, the speci¢c activity is about 3.6 mmol (g protein) 31 h 31 , the biomass yield about 0.066 C-mol (mol ammonium) 31 , and the spe-ci¢c growth rate about 0.0027 h 31 .…”