Key Parameters Of Air Breathing Two-Stroke Combustion Engines For Integration Into Small Scale UAVs

Abstract

Social cues, such as eye gaze and pointing fingers, can increase the prioritisation of specific locations for cognitive processing. A previous study using a manual reaching task showed that, although both gaze and pointing cues altered target prioritisation (reaction times [RTs]), only pointing cues affected action execution (trajectory deviations). These differential effects of gaze and pointing cues on action execution could be because the gaze cue was conveyed through a disembodied head; hence, the model lacked the potential for a body part (i.e., hands) to interact with the target. In the present study, the image of a male gaze model, whose gaze direction coincided with two potential target locations, was centrally presented. The model either had his arms and hands extended underneath the potential target locations, indicating the potential to act on the targets (Experiment 1), or had his arms crossed in front of his chest, indicating the absence of potential to act (Experiment 2). Participants reached to a target that followed a nonpredictive gaze cue at one of three stimulus onset asynchronies. RTs and reach trajectories of the movements to cued and uncued targets were analysed. RTs showed a facilitation effect for both experiments, whereas trajectory analysis revealed facilitatory and inhibitory effects, but only in Experiment 1 when the model could potentially act on the targets. The results of this study suggested that when the gaze model had the potential to interact with the cued target location, the model's gaze affected not only target prioritisation but also movement execution.

Comparative study of combustion and emissions of kerosene (RP-3), kerosene-pentanol blends and diesel in a compression ignition engine

“…More attentions have been focused on two-stroke SI HF-APEs for the last decades [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] because CI engines with lower power/weight ratios were more difficult than SI engines to meet the design requirements of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Light Sport Aircraft (LSA) manufacturers [10]. Falkowski et al examined the feasibility of JP-5 using a two-stroke SI direct injection engine, and reported that the performance characteristics were similar to that with gasoline in terms of torque and power output at low engine speeds and low engine loads [12].…”

An algorithm on simultaneous optimization of performance and mass parameters of open-cycle liquid-propellant engine of launch vehicles

“…There are several software packages that have been designed to determine the optimum performance parameters of the engine for specific inputs such as REDTOP2 [3]. Furthermore, there are also software packages like Fordu that are able to determine the optimum parameters of the propulsion subsystem including engine mass rate, pumps' input pressure and engine mass [4,5]. However, it has been noted that the mass parameters are not typically considered together in the optimization process with the performance parameters.…”