Key objectives for water reuse concepts

Huertas, E.; Salgot, Miquel; Hollender, Juliane; Weber, Stefanie; Dott, Wolfgang; Khan, Stuart J.; Schäfer, Andrea; Messalem, Rami; Bis, Barbara; Aharoni, A.; Chikurel, Haim

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.09.032

Cited by 82 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The fate of PPCPs in soils is attracting more attention, particularly with respect to water recycling through the land application of treated wastewater and the possibility of groundwater contamination [18]. Microbial degradation is considered an important removal pathway for pharmaceuticals in the environment, especially for those compounds resistant to photodegradation and/or hydrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, fate, and persistence of gemfibrozil in water and soil

Karnjanapiboonwong

Chase

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have emerged as a group of potential environmental contaminants of concern. The occurrence of gemfibrozil, a lipid-regulating drug, was studied in the influent and effluent at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and groundwater below a land application site receiving treated effluent from the WWTP. In addition, the sorption of gemfibrozil in two loam soils and sand was assessed, and biological degradation rates in two soil types under aerobic conditions were also determined. Results showed that concentrations of gemfibrozil in wastewater influent, effluent, and groundwater were in the range of 3.47 to 63.8 µg/L, 0.08 to 19.4 µg/L, and undetectable to 6.86 µg/L, respectively. Data also indicated that gemfibrozil in the wastewater could reach groundwater following land application of the treated effluent. Soil-water distribution coefficients for gemfibrozil, determined by the batch equilibrium method, varied with organic carbon content in the soils. The sorption capacity was silt loam > sandy loam > sand. Under aerobic conditions, dissipation half-lives for gemfibrozil in sandy loam and silt loam soils were 17.8 and 20.6 days, respectively; 25.4 and 11.3% of gemfibrozil was lost through biodegradation from the two soils over 14 days.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, fate, and persistence of gemfibrozil in water and soil

Karnjanapiboonwong

Chase

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Recycled water supply is more stable than natural water resources that depend on precipitation. It not only can be used as a new source of water but also can help to reduce water pollution, so it becomes an important alternative to natural water resources [2,3]. Nowadays, sewage treatment technology has been developed to produce recycled water that can be used in many fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Phenomenon of Chinese Residents’ Spiritual Contagion for the Reuse of Recycled Water Based on SC-IAT

Liu

2017

Water

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Recycled water has been widely recognized in the world as an effective approach to relieve the issue of water shortage. Meanwhile, with several decades of development, the insufficiency of technology is no longer the primary factor that restricts the popularization of recycled water. What makes it difficult to promote the concept of reusing recycled water in China? To solve this issue, a special experiment on the public's attitude towards the reuse of recycled water was designed based on a Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT), so as to avoid factors like social preference that can influence the survey results, and to gain the public's negative implicit attitude towards reusing recycled water reuse, which is close to the public's real attitude to it. From the perspective of implicit attitude, this research testifies the "spiritual contagion" phenomenon of the public, which refers to refusing recycled water reuse because recycled water is made from sewage treatment. By comparing the implicit attitude to recycled water reuse with the explicit attitude that is acquired from self-reporting questionnaires about reusing recycled water, this research finds that the implicit attitude is more positive than the explicit attitude, which accounts for the phenomenon of "best game no one played" in the promotion of the recycled water reuse, that is, the public though applauding the environment-friendly policy, will not actually use the recycled water.

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“…Frequently, however, they are not determined because analysis is long, difficult, and expensive (EPA 1992;Vymazal 2005;Salgot et al 2006;Ghermandi et al 2007;Gurel et al 2007;Brissaud 2008;Campos 2008). The scientific community is aware that the detection and quantification of E. coli is not enough to completely define the microbiological quality of a particular wastewater which has been treated, reclaimed, or discharged into a surface water environment (Salgot et al 2006;Campos 2008;Huertas et al 2008). Furthermore, the recent Spanish Royal Decree 1620/2007 (Real Decreto 1620/2007) sets limits not only for E. coli but also for intestinal nematode eggs and Legionella spp., Taenia saginata, and Taenia solium for the reuse of treated effluents.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

Wastewater polishing index: a tool for a rapid quality assessment of reclaimed wastewater

Verlicchi

Masotti

Galletti

2010

Environ Monit Assess

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A new index, the Wastewater Polishing Index (WWPI), has been defined for the rapid assessment of the quality achieved by different polishing treatments for water discharged into surface water bodies and for reuse purposes. The index is defined by a weighted average of six parameters (SS, BOD5 COD, ammonia, total phosphorus, and E. scherichia coli), each transformed onto a sub-index scaled from 0 to 100. E. coli has been assigned a greater weight than the other indicators. The index is equal to 0 if none of the six pollutants are present in the effluent and to 100 when all six parameters equal their corresponding Italian legal limits for discharge into surface water bodies. When all six of them equal their corresponding Italian legal limits for reuse, the WWPI is 36. The index has been validated and tested on a pilot plant including a rapid sand filtration, a slow filtration through a horizontal subsurface flow system and a lagooning, in addition to their combinations. The experimental investigation showed that the index is a good tool for (1) rapidly comparing the water quality achieved by different treatment sequences, particularly natural systems; (2) rapidly evaluating whether the proposed sequence is able to produce an effluent adequate for reuse; and (3) rapidly evaluating the water quality improvement achieved by different systems. The proposed index could be of great help for managers and decision makers when planning for water resources, in particular, for comparing the quality level achieved by different wastewater treatment sequences.

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Key objectives for water reuse concepts

Cited by 82 publications

References 8 publications

Occurrence, fate, and persistence of gemfibrozil in water and soil

Occurrence, fate, and persistence of gemfibrozil in water and soil

Research on the Phenomenon of Chinese Residents’ Spiritual Contagion for the Reuse of Recycled Water Based on SC-IAT

Wastewater polishing index: a tool for a rapid quality assessment of reclaimed wastewater

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